Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Apr;70(7):1011-8. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.12.009. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
While numerous studies have documented the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV); most of this research has used a criminal justice framework that has focused on acts of physical violence. However, critics argue that this narrow conceptualization of IPV belies the heterogeneity in this experience with respect to the nature of coercive control in the relationship. Moreover, they contend that the different types of abusive and controlling relationships not only have a different etiology, health consequences, and help-seeking characteristics, they also have a different relationship by gender. This study examined the extent to which different patterns of violence, abuse, and control were differentially associated with formal and informal help-seeking in a national Canadian sample. Data from the 2004 General Social Survey were analyzed, which included 696 women and 471 men who reported physical or sexual violence by a current or ex-spouse or common-law partner. The most commonly reported formal sources for women and men were health professionals (i.e., doctors, nurses, counselors, psychologists) and the police. For women, informal sources (i.e., family, friends, neighbors) were commonly reported across all IPV subgroups. However, the importance of almost all of the formal sources (e.g., health professionals, police, lawyers, shelters, crisis centers) increased as the severity of the violence and control increased. Shelters and crisis centers were also reported by a notable proportion of women who experienced the most severe pattern of violence and control. For men, both formal and informal sources were more commonly reported by those who experienced moderate violence and control compared with those who experienced relatively less severe acts of physical aggression. The results suggest that research that more sensitively examines people's experiences of violence and control can help identify their health, social, and safety needs; and ultimately better inform the development of programs and services aimed at addressing these needs.
虽然许多研究都记录了亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的普遍性、相关性和后果；但大多数此类研究都使用了刑事司法框架，该框架侧重于身体暴力行为。然而，批评者认为，这种对 IPV 的狭隘概念化掩盖了关系中强制性控制的本质在这种经历中的异质性。此外，他们认为，不同类型的虐待和控制关系不仅具有不同的病因、健康后果和寻求帮助的特征，而且在性别方面也具有不同的关系。本研究调查了在加拿大全国样本中，不同模式的暴力、虐待和控制与正式和非正式寻求帮助之间的关联程度。对 2004 年一般社会调查的数据进行了分析，其中包括 696 名女性和 471 名男性，他们报告了当前或前任配偶或同居伴侣的身体或性暴力。女性和男性最常报告的正式求助来源是卫生专业人员（即医生、护士、顾问、心理学家）和警察。对于女性来说，所有 IPV 亚组都普遍报告了非正式来源（即家庭、朋友、邻居）。然而，随着暴力和控制的严重程度的增加，几乎所有正式来源（例如卫生专业人员、警察、律师、庇护所、危机中心）的重要性都有所增加。庇护所和危机中心也被相当一部分经历过最严重暴力和控制的女性报告。对于男性来说，与经历相对较轻的身体攻击的男性相比，经历中度暴力和控制的男性更常报告正式和非正式来源。研究结果表明，更敏感地研究人们对暴力和控制的体验可以帮助确定他们的健康、社会和安全需求；并最终更好地为旨在满足这些需求的项目和服务的发展提供信息。
