POLARIS Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, DISAT, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2010 Mar;78(11):1368-77. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.071. Epub 2010 Feb 2.
Fine particulate matter (PM1 and PM2.5) was collected in Milan over the summer (August-September) and winter (January-March) seasons of 2007/2008. Particles were analyzed for their chemical composition (inorganic ions, elements and PAHs) and the effects produced on the human lung carcinoma epithelial cell line A549. In vitro tests were performed to assess cell viability with MTT assay, cytokine release (IL-6 and IL-8) with ELISA, and DNA damage with COMET assay. Results were investigated by bivariate analysis and multivariate data analysis (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) to investigate the relationship between PM chemical composition and the biological effects produced by cell exposure to 12 microg cm(-2). The different seasonal chemical composition of PM showed to influence some biological properties. Summer PM samples had a high mass contribution of SO(4)(=) (13+/-2%) and were enriched in some elements, like Al, As, Cr, Cu, and Zn, compared to winter PM samples. Cell viability reduction was two times higher for summer PM samples in comparison with winter ones (27+/-5% and 14+/-5%, respectively), and the highest correlation coefficients between cell viability reduction and single chemical components were with As (R(2)=0.57) and SO(4)(=) (R(2)=0.47). PM1 affected cell viability reduction and induced IL-8 release, and these events were interrelated (R(2)=0.95), and apparently connected with the same chemical compounds. PM2.5 fraction, which was enriched in Ca(++) and Mg(++) (from soil dust), and Al, Fe, Zn, Ba Mn, produced cell viability reduction and DNA damage (R(2)=0.73).
细颗粒物（PM1 和 PM2.5）于 2007/2008 年夏季（8 月至 9 月）和冬季（1 月至 3 月）在米兰收集。对颗粒的化学成分（无机离子、元素和多环芳烃）进行了分析，并研究了它们对人肺癌上皮细胞系 A549 的影响。进行了体外测试，通过 MTT 测定法评估细胞活力，通过 ELISA 测定法评估细胞因子释放（IL-6 和 IL-8），通过彗星试验评估 DNA 损伤。通过二元分析和多元数据分析（主成分分析，PCA）研究 PM 化学组成与细胞暴露于 12μg/cm(2)时产生的生物效应之间的关系。PM 的不同季节化学成分表明会影响一些生物学特性。与冬季 PM 样品相比，夏季 PM 样品的 SO(4)(=)（13+/-2%）质量贡献较高，并且富含一些元素，如 Al、As、Cr、Cu 和 Zn。与冬季 PM 样品相比，夏季 PM 样品的细胞活力降低了两倍（分别为 27+/-5%和 14+/-5%），并且细胞活力降低与单个化学组分之间的最高相关系数分别为 As（R(2)=0.57）和 SO(4)(=)（R(2)=0.47）。PM1 影响细胞活力降低并诱导 IL-8 释放，这些事件相互关联（R(2)=0.95），并且显然与相同的化学化合物有关。PM2.5 部分富含 Ca(++)和 Mg(++)（来自土壤灰尘）以及 Al、Fe、Zn、Ba Mn，导致细胞活力降低和 DNA 损伤（R(2)=0.73）。
