Liver Transplantation, Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 7120, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Clin Liver Dis. 2010 Feb;14(1):1-21, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2009.11.009.
This article reviews the prevalence, disease burden, genotype distribution, and transmission patterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus in the 6 World Health Organization regions. The global epidemiology of hepatitis B and C demonstrates a predominantly declining prevalence of the diseases. Improvement in the control of hepatitis B has been largely achieved with implementation of a more universal HBV vaccine program, although a large gap still remains in the effort toward global prevention of hepatitis B. The transmission of hepatitis C has been greatly impacted by mandatory screening of blood donors in most countries in the world, although intravenous drug use continues to be a major source of infection. Public education regarding the risks of exposure to infected paraphernalia as well as household items such as razors is necessary in the continuing effort to curb this disease.
本文综述了乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒在世界卫生组织 6 个区域的流行情况、疾病负担、基因型分布和传播模式。乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎的全球流行病学显示，这些疾病的流行率呈下降趋势。由于实施了更普遍的乙型肝炎疫苗接种计划，乙型肝炎的控制得到了很大改善，但在全球预防乙型肝炎方面仍存在很大差距。由于世界上大多数国家都对献血者进行强制性筛查，丙型肝炎的传播受到了很大影响，但静脉注射吸毒仍然是主要的感染源。为了继续遏制这种疾病，需要对接触受感染的用具以及剃须刀等家用物品的风险进行公众教育。
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