Bishop P A, Pieroni R E, Smith J F, Constable S H
Human Performance Laboratory, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487-0312.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1991 Mar;62(3):216-20.
The purpose of this study was to determine the limitations to work of personnel performing heavy work at 21 degrees C (70 degrees F) while wearing the chemical defense ensemble (CDE) worn by all branches of the U.S. military. Male volunteers (N = 17) wearing the CDE performed an arm and leg work task yielding a time-weighted energy consumption rate of 450 W, under environmental conditions of 21 degrees C and 65-70% relative humidity. Each work bout was continued until one of the following limits occurred: volitional fatigue, rectal temperature (Tre) of 39 degrees C, or calculated heat storage (S) of 140 Wh. Subjects then rested until heat stored due to this work was lost, then repeated the work-rest cycles until refusal, or inability to restart work after a rest cycle. Over a total of 36 work cycles, subjects terminated work cycles for S on only two occasions, with the remainder almost equally divided between cumulative fatigue and high Tre. Intersubject variability was high for work and rest times, S, heat loss, and sweat production. U.S. Air Force Regulation (AFR) 355-8, which provides guidance for heat stress in the form of work/rest cycles, underestimated work tolerance under these study conditions.
本研究的目的是确定美国军队各军种人员在21摄氏度（70华氏度）穿着化学防护服（CDE）进行重体力工作时的工作限制。17名男性志愿者穿着CDE，在21摄氏度和相对湿度65 - 70%的环境条件下，执行一项手臂和腿部工作任务，产生的时间加权能量消耗率为450瓦。每次工作回合持续进行，直到出现以下限制之一：自愿疲劳、直肠温度（Tre）达到39摄氏度或计算出的蓄热量（S）达到140瓦时。然后受试者休息，直到因这项工作而储存的热量消散，接着重复工作 - 休息周期，直到拒绝或在休息周期后无法重新开始工作。在总共36个工作周期中，受试者仅两次因蓄热量（S）而终止工作周期，其余情况在累积疲劳和高直肠温度之间几乎平均分配。受试者之间在工作和休息时间、蓄热量（S）、热量损失和汗液分泌方面的变异性很高。以工作/休息周期形式提供热应激指导的美国空军条例（AFR）355 - 8，在这些研究条件下低估了工作耐力。
