United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Crop Production Systems Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2010 May;66(5):461-81. doi: 10.1002/ps.1909.
Novel catabolic pathways enabling rapid detoxification of s-triazine herbicides have been elucidated and detected at a growing number of locations. The genes responsible for s-triazine mineralization, i.e. atzABCDEF and trzNDF, occur in at least four bacterial phyla and are implicated in the development of enhanced degradation in agricultural soils from all continents except Antarctica. Enhanced degradation occurs in at least nine crops and six crop rotation systems that rely on s-triazine herbicides for weed control, and, with the exception of acidic soil conditions and s-triazine application frequency, adaptation of the microbial population is independent of soil physiochemical properties and cultural management practices. From an agronomic perspective, residual weed control could be reduced tenfold in s-triazine-adapted relative to non-adapted soils. From an environmental standpoint, the off-site loss of total s-triazine residues could be overestimated 13-fold in adapted soils if altered persistence estimates and metabolic pathways are not reflected in fate and transport models. Empirical models requiring soil pH and s-triazine use history as input parameters predict atrazine persistence more accurately than historical estimates, thereby allowing practitioners to adjust weed control strategies and model input values when warranted.
新型的三嗪类除草剂代谢途径已在越来越多的地点被阐明和检测到，这些途径能够实现三嗪类除草剂的快速解毒。负责三嗪类化合物矿化的基因，即 atzABCDEF 和 trzNDF，至少存在于四个细菌门中，与除南极洲以外的各大洲农业土壤中增强降解的发展有关。增强降解发生在至少 9 种作物和 6 种轮作系统中，这些系统依赖三嗪类除草剂来控制杂草，除了酸性土壤条件和三嗪类化合物的应用频率外，微生物种群的适应性与土壤理化性质和文化管理实践无关。从农业角度来看，与未适应的土壤相比，适应三嗪类化合物的土壤中残留的杂草控制可以减少十倍。从环境角度来看，如果改变持久性估计和代谢途径没有反映在命运和运输模型中，适应土壤中的总三嗪残留的场外损失可能被高估 13 倍。需要土壤 pH 值和三嗪使用历史作为输入参数的经验模型比历史估计更准确地预测莠去津的持久性，从而允许从业者在需要时调整杂草控制策略和模型输入值。
