Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Apr 14;58(7):3950-6. doi: 10.1021/jf903529m.
A compelling body of literature suggests berry phytochemicals play beneficial roles in reversing age-related cognitive impairment and protect against neurodegenerative disorders. Anthocyanins are bioactive phytochemicals in berries suspected to be responsible for some of these neuroprotective effects. The plausible mechanisms of anthocyanin bioactivity in brain tissue are dependent on their bioavailability to the brain. Pigs were fed 2% whole freeze-dried, powdered blueberry in the diet for 8 weeks. Anthocyanin and anthocyanin glucuronides were measured in the cortex, cerebellum, and midbrain and diencephalon by LC-MS/MS. Anthocyanins and their glucuronides were found in the range of femtomoles per gram of fresh weight of tissue at 18 h postprandial, after anthocyanins had been removed from the blood by xenobiotic metabolism. Xenobiotic metabolism, anthocyanin interaction, and transporter barriers to brain bioavailability are briefly discussed. The plausible mechanism of neuroprotective action of anthocyanins may be via modulation of signal transduction processes and/or gene expression in brain tissue rather than by direct antioxidant radical quenching.
大量文献表明，浆果中的植物化学物质对逆转与年龄相关的认知障碍和预防神经退行性疾病具有有益作用。花色苷是浆果中的一种生物活性植物化学物质，被怀疑对其中一些神经保护作用负责。花色苷在脑组织中的生物活性的可能机制取决于其对大脑的生物利用度。猪的饮食中添加了 2%的全冻干、粉末状蓝莓，持续 8 周。采用 LC-MS/MS 法测定大脑皮质、小脑和中脑及间脑组织中的花色苷和花色苷葡萄糖苷。在食后 18 小时，通过异生物质代谢将花色苷从血液中清除后，以每克组织鲜重的皮摩尔为单位，在组织中检测到花色苷及其葡萄糖苷。简要讨论了异生物质代谢、花色苷相互作用和转运体对大脑生物利用度的屏障。花色苷的神经保护作用的可能机制可能是通过调节脑组织中的信号转导过程和/或基因表达，而不是通过直接的抗氧化自由基猝灭。
