Department of Urology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Jul;25(7):1239-44. doi: 10.1007/s00467-009-1394-4. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
Children represent about 1% of all patients with urolithiasis, but 100% of these children are considered high risk for recurrent stone formation, and it is crucial for them to receive a therapy that will render them stone free. In addition, a metabolic workup is necessary to ensure a tailored metaphylaxis to prevent or delay recurrence. The appropriate therapy depends on localization, size, and composition of the calculus, as well as on the anatomy of the urinary tract. In specialized centers, the whole range of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureterorenoscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are available for children, with the same efficiency and safety as in adults.
儿童占尿路结石所有患者的 1%左右，但这些儿童 100%被认为存在结石复发的高风险，因此为他们提供一种能使结石清除的治疗方法至关重要。此外，还需要进行代谢评估，以确保制定个体化的预防措施来预防或延迟复发。适当的治疗方法取决于结石的位置、大小和成分，以及尿路解剖结构。在专门的中心，儿童可以采用体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）、输尿管镜检查（URS）和经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）等全套治疗方法，其效率和安全性与成人相同。
