Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Disasters. 2010 Apr;34 Suppl 2:S202-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01154.x. Epub 2010 Feb 2.
This paper reviews how Nicaragua has recovered from Hurricane Mitch of October 1998. In particular, it examines how the assumptions and claims that were made during initial recovery planning have proven relevant in light of subsequent development. One must consider the response to Hurricane Mitch from the perspective of the broader trends that have driven recovery, including household, community and government initiatives and the wider economic context. Recovery efforts have not 'transformed' Nicaragua. In fact, market upheavals and livelihood changes in rural areas have had a more profound impact on poverty profiles than recovery programmes. Social protection programmes have been piloted, but patron-client ties and relations with aid providers are still more reliable sources of support in a time of crisis. Risk reduction has become more deeply integrated into the rural development discourse than was the case before the disaster, but risk reduction initiatives continue to place undue emphasis on hazard response rather than addressing vulnerability.
本文回顾了尼加拉瓜如何从 1998 年 10 月的米奇飓风（Hurricane Mitch）中恢复。特别是，它考察了在后续发展过程中，最初恢复规划中的假设和主张是如何证明是相关的。人们必须从推动恢复的更广泛趋势的角度来看待对米奇飓风的应对，包括家庭、社区和政府的举措以及更广泛的经济背景。恢复工作并没有“改变”尼加拉瓜。事实上，农村地区的市场动荡和生计变化对贫困状况的影响比恢复方案更为深远。社会保护方案已经试行，但在危机时期，依附关系和与援助提供者的关系仍然是更可靠的支持来源。与灾难发生前相比，减少风险已更深入地纳入农村发展讨论，但减少风险的举措继续过于强调应对灾害，而不是解决脆弱性问题。
