Rocha J L, Christoplos I
Central American University.
Disasters. 2001 Sep;25(3):240-50. doi: 10.1111/1467-7717.00175.
Nicaragua provides an example of how a major disaster, in this case Hurricane Mitch, can transform the national agenda for disaster mitigation and preparedness. Hurricane Mitch was a reminder of how extremely disaster prone Nicaragua is, and also how neoliberal reforms have weakened governmental response capacity. In the face of critiques of how governmental policies had affected preparedness and response, discussions of this transformation became a highly politicised process where the debate over alternative development models tended to overshadow the original calls to strengthen risk management. Progress can be seen in some areas, such as disaster mitigation through environmental management. This study of NGO roles, and their relations with other key actors, draws attention to the need to anchor improved risk management in local-level NGO-government collaboration. Structures are being put into place to achieve this aim, but dependence on donor financing raises questions regarding the longer-term sustainability of these efforts.
尼加拉瓜提供了一个例子，说明一场重大灾难（在这种情况下是米奇飓风）如何改变国家减灾和备灾议程。米奇飓风提醒人们尼加拉瓜极易遭受灾难，也提醒人们新自由主义改革如何削弱了政府的应对能力。面对关于政府政策如何影响备灾和应对的批评，这种转变的讨论成为一个高度政治化的过程，在这个过程中，关于替代发展模式的辩论往往掩盖了最初加强风险管理的呼声。在一些领域可以看到进展，比如通过环境管理进行减灾。这项对非政府组织作用及其与其他关键行为体关系的研究，提请人们注意在地方层面非政府组织与政府合作中加强风险管理的必要性。为实现这一目标正在建立相关架构，但对捐助资金的依赖引发了这些努力的长期可持续性问题。
