Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Hum Reprod. 2010 Apr;25(4):1044-50. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deq004. Epub 2010 Feb 3.
Although evidence suggests that some occupations may be a risk factor for small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth, associations between a wide range of maternal and paternal occupations and risk of SGA births remain unclear. Our objective was to analyze the risk of SGA births by parental occupation, including the entire Swedish population of mothers (> or =20 years) and fathers.
We linked nationwide data (1990-2004) on singletons born to employed mothers to nationwide data on maternal and paternal occupation and other individual-level variables. Information on parental occupations was obtained from the 1990 census. Approximately 95% of SGA births (calculated using normative data) were defined on the basis of ultrasound. Odds ratios of SGA birth were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Women and men were analyzed separately.
There were 816,310 first singleton live births during the study period, of which 29,603 were SGA events. Families with low incomes had an increased risk of SGA births. After accounting for maternal age at the infant's birth, period of birth, family income, region of residence, marital status and smoking habits, several maternal occupational groups (including 'mechanics and iron and metalware workers' and 'packers, loaders and warehouse workers') had a significantly higher risk of SGA birth than the reference group (all women in the study population). Among paternal occupational groups, only waiters had an increased risk of SGA birth.
This large-scale follow-up study shows that maternal occupation affects risk of SGA birth, whereas paternal occupation does not seem to have an impact on SGA birth. Further studies are required to examine the specific agents in those maternal occupations that are associated with an increased risk of SGA birth.
尽管有证据表明某些职业可能是胎儿小于胎龄（SGA）出生的危险因素，但广泛的母亲和父亲职业与 SGA 出生风险之间的关联仍不清楚。我们的目的是分析父母职业与 SGA 出生风险的关系，包括所有瑞典母亲（≥20 岁）和父亲。
我们将全国范围内（1990-2004 年）母亲就业的单胎出生的单一数据与母亲和父亲职业以及其他个体水平变量的全国数据联系起来。父母职业的信息是从 1990 年的人口普查中获得的。大约 95%的 SGA 出生（根据参考值计算）是基于超声检查。使用 95%置信区间计算 SGA 出生的比值比。分别对女性和男性进行分析。
在研究期间，有 816310 名首次单胎活产，其中 29603 名是 SGA 事件。收入低的家庭 SGA 出生的风险增加。在考虑了婴儿出生时母亲的年龄、出生时期、家庭收入、居住地区、婚姻状况和吸烟习惯后，一些母亲职业群体（包括“机械师和五金工人”和“包装工、装卸工和仓库工人”）与参考组（研究人群中的所有女性）相比，SGA 出生的风险显著增加。在父亲职业群体中，只有服务员 SGA 出生的风险增加。
这项大规模的随访研究表明，母亲的职业会影响 SGA 出生的风险，而父亲的职业似乎对 SGA 出生没有影响。需要进一步研究来检查与 SGA 出生风险增加相关的那些母亲职业中的特定因素。
