Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 11;20(2):1309. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021309.
Air pollution is a major risk factor for public health worldwide, but evidence linking this environmental problem with the mortality of children in Central Europe is limited.
To investigate the relationship between air pollution due to the emission of industry-related particulate matter and mortality due to respiratory diseases under one year of age.
A retrospective birth cohort analysis of the dataset including 2,277,585 children from all Polish counties was conducted, and the dataset was matched with 248 deaths from respiratory diseases under one year of age. Time to death during the first 365 days of life was used as a dependent variable. Harmful emission was described as total particle pollution (TPP) from industries. The survival analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model for the emission of TPP at the place of residence of the mother and child, adjusted individual characteristics, demographic factors, and socioeconomic status related to the contextual level.
Infants born in areas with extremely high emission of TPP had a significantly higher risk of mortality due to respiratory diseases: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.781 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.175, 2.697], = 0.006, compared with those born in areas with the lowest emission levels. This effect was persistent when significant factors were adjusted at individual and contextual levels (HR = 1.959 [95% CI: 1.058, 3.628], = 0.032). The increased risk of mortality was marked between the 50th and 150th days of life, coinciding with the highest exposure to TPP.
The emission of TPP from industries is associated with mortality due to respiratory diseases under one year of age. A considerable proportion of children's deaths could be prevented in Poland, especially in urban areas, if air pollution due to the emission of particle pollution is reduced.
空气污染是全球公共健康的主要危险因素，但将这一环境问题与中欧儿童死亡率联系起来的证据有限。
调查与工业相关的颗粒物排放引起的空气污染与一岁以下儿童呼吸道疾病死亡率之间的关系。
对包括波兰所有县的 2277585 名儿童的数据集进行了回顾性出生队列分析，并将该数据集与 248 例一岁以下呼吸道疾病死亡病例相匹配。将生命的头 365 天内的死亡时间作为因变量。有害排放被描述为来自工业的总颗粒物污染（TPP）。使用 Cox 比例风险模型对母亲和孩子居住地的 TPP 排放进行了生存分析，调整了个体特征、人口统计学因素和与上下文水平相关的社会经济地位。
在 TPP 排放极高的地区出生的婴儿患呼吸道疾病的死亡率显著升高：风险比（HR）= 1.781 [95%置信区间（CI）：1.175，2.697]， = 0.006，与 TPP 排放最低地区出生的婴儿相比。在个体和背景水平调整了显著因素后，这种效应仍然存在（HR = 1.959 [95% CI：1.058，3.628]， = 0.032）。在生命的第 50 至 150 天之间，死亡率的升高最为显著，与 TPP 暴露量最高的时期相对应。
工业 TPP 的排放与一岁以下儿童呼吸道疾病的死亡率有关。如果降低因颗粒物排放造成的空气污染，波兰，特别是城市地区，可显著降低儿童死亡率。
