Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ 85206, USA.
J Esthet Restor Dent. 2010 Feb;22(1):18-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2009.00307.x.
This article reviews the etiology and treatment of open gingival embrasures or black triangles. An open gingival embrasure or black triangle occurs as a result of a deficiency of papilla beneath the contact point. The treatment of open embrasures may require restorative, orthodontic and periodontal considerations depending on the underlying etiology. The authors reviewed a total of 42 articles including review of literature, radiographic, cross-sectional, and retrospective studies in Ovid search engine using the terms "open gingival embrasure,""interdental papilla," and "black triangle." The studies provided information regarding etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of open embrasures. There are several risk factors leading to the development of open gingival embrasures. These factors include aging, periodontal disease, loss of height of the alveolar bone relative to the interproximal contact, length of embrasure area, root angulations, interproximal contact position, and triangular-shaped crowns. Treatment of open embrasures requires an interdisciplinary approach of orthodontic, periodontic, and restorative treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Open gingival embrasures are complex esthetic and functional problems. An interdisciplinary team approach with the general dentist, orthodontist, and periodontist is critical. Management of open embrasures requires careful evaluation of the underlying etiology.
这篇文章回顾了牙龈开敞或黑三角的病因和治疗方法。牙龈开敞或黑三角的形成是由于接触点下方的牙乳头缺失。牙龈开敞的治疗可能需要根据潜在病因进行修复、正畸和牙周方面的考虑。作者在 Ovid 搜索引擎中使用了“牙龈开敞”“牙间乳头”和“黑三角”等术语，共回顾了 42 篇文章，包括文献综述、影像学、横断面和回顾性研究，这些研究提供了关于牙龈开敞的病因、诊断和治疗的信息。有几个导致牙龈开敞的风险因素。这些因素包括年龄、牙周病、牙槽骨高度相对于邻接点的丧失、开敞区域的长度、牙根角度、邻接点位置和三角形牙冠。牙龈开敞的治疗需要正畸、牙周和修复治疗的跨学科方法。临床意义牙龈开敞是复杂的美观和功能问题。普通牙医、正畸医生和牙周医生的跨学科团队方法至关重要。开敞的管理需要仔细评估潜在的病因。
