Griffing L R
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843.
J Electron Microsc Tech. 1991 Feb;17(2):179-99. doi: 10.1002/jemt.1060170206.
The Golgi apparatus of both higher plant and animal cells sorts and packages macromolecules which are in transit to and from the cell surface and to the lysosome (vacuole). It is also the site of oligosaccharide and polysaccharide synthesis and modification. The underlying similarity of function of plant and animal Golgi is reflected in similar morphological features, such as cisternal stacking. There are, however, several fundamental differences between the Golgi of plant and animal cells, reflecting, in large part, the fact that the extracellular matrices and lysosomal systems differ between these kingdoms. These include 1) the form and replication of the Golgi during cell division; 2) the disposition of the Golgi in the interphase cell; 3) the nature of "anchoring" the Golgi in the cytoplasm; 4) the genesis, extent, and nature of membranes at the trans side of the stack; 5) targeting signals to the lysosome (vacuole); and 6) physiological regulation of secretion events (constitutive vs. regulated secretion). The degree of participation of the Golgi in endocytosis and membrane recycling is becoming clear for animal cells, but has yet to be explored in detail for plant cells.
高等植物和动物细胞的高尔基体对往返于细胞表面和溶酶体（液泡）的大分子进行分类和包装。它也是寡糖和多糖合成与修饰的场所。植物和动物高尔基体功能的潜在相似性体现在相似的形态特征上，如扁平囊堆叠。然而，植物和动物细胞的高尔基体之间存在一些根本差异，这在很大程度上反映了这些生物界的细胞外基质和溶酶体系统有所不同。这些差异包括：1）细胞分裂期间高尔基体的形态和复制；2）间期细胞中高尔基体的分布；3）高尔基体在细胞质中的“锚定”性质；4）堆叠反面膜的起源、范围和性质；5）靶向溶酶体（液泡）的信号；6）分泌事件的生理调节（组成型分泌与调节型分泌）。高尔基体参与动物细胞内吞作用和膜循环的程度正逐渐明晰，但植物细胞方面还有待详细探究。
