ACRI-ST, 260 route du Pin Montard, BP 234, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Mar 15;408(8):1943-50. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.024. Epub 2010 Feb 6.
There is a profound relation between human health and well being from the one side and air pollution levels from the other. Air quality in South of France and more specifically in Nice, is known to be bad, especially in summer. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test has been developed for detecting and estimating monotonic trends in the time series and applied in our study at annual values of pollutants air concentrations and mortality. An important objective of many environmental monitoring programs is to detect changes or trends in pollution levels over time. Over the period 1990-2005, concerning the emissions of main pollutants, we obtained significant decreasing trends. By considering the ozone mean values in urban areas over the 1997-2005 period, an increase of 3.0% year(-1) was obtained with annual averages and 3.9% year(-1) with median values. A clear increasing trend for PM(10) ambient concentrations is obtained. In addition, we observed an increase of the Olea (and Grass) pollination season. Over the same period, an annual change rate of +0.31% year(-1) for "airway diseases" and of +2.50% year(-1) for "unknown causes" were identified in the "Alpes Maritimes" county. To see the results, there seems to be a short-term link between the levels of these pollutants and mortality for respiratory causes. The other pollutants concentration showed a downward trend reflecting the reduction policy of the emissions. In addition, we obtained significant decreasing trends concerning the "ischemic heart diseases" (-1.20% year(-1)) and "asthma" (-4.03% year(-1)) categories. No significant gender-related difference was identified for these groups.
人类健康和福祉与空气污染水平之间存在着深远的关系。法国南部，特别是尼斯的空气质量较差，尤其是在夏季。非参数 Mann-Kendall 检验法被用于检测和估计时间序列中的单调趋势，并应用于我们对污染物空气浓度和死亡率的年度值的研究。许多环境监测计划的一个重要目标是检测污染水平随时间的变化或趋势。在 1990 年至 2005 年期间，关于主要污染物的排放，我们发现了显著的下降趋势。考虑到 1997 年至 2005 年期间城市地区臭氧的平均值，每年平均值增加了 3.0%，中值增加了 3.9%。获得了环境中 PM(10)浓度的明显上升趋势。此外，我们观察到 Olea（和草）授粉季节的增加。在同一时期，在“滨海阿尔卑斯省”，“呼吸道疾病”的年变化率为+0.31%，“不明原因”的年变化率为+2.50%。在这一时期，这些污染物水平和呼吸道疾病死亡率之间似乎存在短期联系。其他污染物浓度呈下降趋势，反映了减排政策的实施。此外，我们发现“缺血性心脏病”（-1.20%/年）和“哮喘”（-4.03%/年）类别的显著下降趋势。这些群体中没有发现显著的性别差异。
