Smith J David, Beran Michael J, Crossley Matthew J, Boomer Joseph, Ashby F Gregory
Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2010 Jan;36(1):54-65. doi: 10.1037/a0015892.
An influential theoretical perspective differentiates in humans an explicit, rule-based system of category learning from an implicit system that slowly associates different regions of perceptual space with different response outputs. This perspective was extended for the 1st time to the category learning of nonhuman primates. Humans (Homo sapiens) and macaques (Macaca mulatta) learned categories composed of sine-wave gratings that varied across trials in bar width and bar orientation. The categories had either a single-dimensional, rule-based solution or a two-dimensional, information-integration solution. Humans strongly dimensionalized the stimuli and learned the rule-based task far more quickly. Six macaques showed the same performance advantage in the rule-based task. In humans, rule-based category learning is linked to explicit cognition, consciousness, and declarative reports about the contents of cognition. These results demonstrate an empirical continuity between human and nonhuman primate cognition, suggesting that nonhuman primates may have some structural components of humans' capacity for explicit cognition.
一种有影响力的理论观点认为，人类的类别学习存在一个明确的、基于规则的系统，它与一个隐性系统不同，该隐性系统会缓慢地将感知空间的不同区域与不同的反应输出联系起来。这一观点首次扩展到非人类灵长类动物的类别学习中。人类（智人）和猕猴（恒河猴）学习由正弦波光栅组成的类别，这些光栅在不同试验中条宽和条方向会发生变化。这些类别要么有一个单维的、基于规则的解决方案，要么有一个二维的、信息整合的解决方案。人类强烈地对刺激进行维度化，并更快地学习基于规则的任务。六只猕猴在基于规则的任务中表现出相同的性能优势。在人类中，基于规则的类别学习与明确的认知、意识以及关于认知内容的陈述性报告相关联。这些结果证明了人类和非人类灵长类动物认知之间的经验连续性，表明非人类灵长类动物可能具有人类明确认知能力的一些结构组成部分。
