School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr., Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Sep;42(9):1731-44. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d392e8.
To determine whether ballistic power training and strength training result in specific changes in stretch-shorten cycle (SSC) function during the eccentric (ECC) phase and, if so, whether these changes are influenced by the individual's strength level.
Thirty-two male subjects were divided into four groups: stronger power training group (SP, n = 8, squat one-repetition maximum-to-body mass ratio (1RM/BM) = 1.97 +/- 0.08), weaker power training group (WP, n = 8, 1RM/BM = 1.32 +/- 0.14), weaker strength training group (WS, n = 8, 1RM/BM = 1.28 +/- 0.17), or control group (C, n = 8, 1RM/BM = 1.37 +/- 0.13). Training involved three sessions per week for 10 wk. The SP and WP groups performed maximal-effort jump squats with 0%-30% 1RM, and the WS group performed back squats at 75%-90% 1RM. Maximal strength, jump performance, musculotendinous stiffness, and neural activation were assessed before training and after 5 and 10 wk of training.
Both power and strength training elicited significant changes in a multitude of ECC variables that were significantly associated with improvements in concentric (CON) performance. Enhancements in CON performance were theorized to be driven by the development of a strategy to better use the ECC phase during jumping (i.e., greater unloading allowed for increased negative acceleration and thus velocity during the countermovement and improved musculotendinous stiffness resulted in an enhanced ability to translate the momentum developed during the ECC phase into force). Although a significant improvement in maximal strength resulted in changes to SSC function during the ECC phase, the initial strength level did not significantly affect the ECC variables before training or the magnitude of adaptations in individuals exposed to ballistic power training.
Training-induced alterations in SSC function during the ECC phase contributes to improvements in jump performance after both ballistic power training and heavy strength training.
确定在离心（ECC）阶段，弹道力量训练和力量训练是否会导致伸展缩短循环（SSC）功能的特定变化，如果是这样，这些变化是否受到个体力量水平的影响。
32 名男性受试者被分为四组：更强的力量训练组（SP，n = 8，深蹲一次重复最大到体重比（1RM/BM）= 1.97 +/- 0.08），较弱的力量训练组（WP，n = 8，1RM/BM = 1.32 +/- 0.14），较弱的力量训练组（WS，n = 8，1RM/BM = 1.28 +/- 0.17），或对照组（C，n = 8，1RM/BM = 1.37 +/- 0.13）。训练每周进行三次，共 10 周。SP 和 WP 组进行最大努力的跳深蹲，负荷为 0%-30%的 1RM，WS 组进行 75%-90%的 1RM 的后深蹲。在训练前、训练 5 周和 10 周后评估最大力量、跳跃表现、肌腱硬度和神经激活。
力量和力量训练都引起了多种 ECC 变量的显著变化，这些变化与 CON 性能的提高显著相关。CON 性能的提高被认为是通过在跳跃时更好地利用 ECC 阶段的策略来驱动的（即，更大的卸载允许在反向运动期间产生更大的负加速度和速度，并且提高的肌腱硬度导致在 ECC 阶段开发的动量更好地转化为力）。尽管最大力量的显著提高导致 ECC 阶段 SSC 功能的变化，但初始力量水平在训练前对 ECC 变量或暴露于弹道力量训练的个体适应的幅度没有显著影响。
在 ECC 阶段，SSC 功能的训练诱导变化有助于在进行弹道力量训练和大强度力量训练后提高跳跃表现。
