Luo Hua, Zhu Xiaolin, Nasharuddin Nurul Amelina, Kamalden Tengku Fadilah Tengku, Xiang Changqing
Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
College of Sport and Art, Shenzhen Technology University, China.
J Sports Sci Med. 2025 Jun 1;24(2):406-452. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2025.406. eCollection 2025 Jun.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effects of strength training (ST) and plyometric training (PT) on vertical jump (VJ), linear sprint (LS), and change-of-direction speed (CODS) in female adolescent team sport athletes. Additionally, it explores potential moderator variables, such as programming variables and participant characteristics, that may influence these training effects. Eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of ST or PT interventions lasting ≥4 weeks on VJ, LS, or CODS in female adolescent team sport athletes (aged 10-19 years) were included. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and SPORTDiscus from inception to August 28, 2024. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the latest version of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (ROB-2). Meta-analyses were performed in Stata15.0 using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the participant characteristics (age, height, weight, and type of sports) and programming variables (duration, frequency, and total sessions). Twenty-six studies involving 705 female adolescent team sport athletes were included. Meta-analyses revealed that ST and PT exhibited significant ( 0.05) and moderate to large effects on VJ (ST, ES: 0.74, moderate; PT, ES: 0.87, moderate), LS (ST, ES: -1.26, large; PT, ES: -1.23, large), and CODS (ST, ES: -1.16, moderate; PT, ES: -1.20, moderate). Subgroup analysis indicated that for ST, training protocols of ≥ 10 weeks, ≤ 2 sessions/week, or ≤ 20 sessions were more effective. ST also showed greater benefits for athletes > 15 years old (LS), ≥ 163 cm (LS, CODS), ≥ 63 kg, and handball players. For PT, protocols of > 9 weeks, > 14 sessions (VJ), or ≥ 18 sessions (CODS) were more effective, with handball players responding best to PT. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was judged as moderate. The certainty of evidence was rated as moderate to high based on the GRADE approach. Both ST and PT are effective in improving VJ, LS, and CODS in female adolescent team sport athletes. Longer duration, lower frequency, or fewer sessions of ST produce better effects. Older and more mature athletes are better adapted to ST, likely due to increased muscle mass, hormonal factors, and neuromuscular adaptations. Longer duration or more sessions of PT produce better effects. Handball players showed a greater response to both ST and PT than athletes of other sports, according to observed trends.
本系统评价和荟萃分析探讨了力量训练（ST）和增强式训练（PT）对女性青少年团队运动运动员垂直纵跳（VJ）、直线冲刺（LS）和变向速度（CODS）的影响。此外，还探讨了可能影响这些训练效果的潜在调节变量，如训练计划变量和参与者特征。纳入标准：纳入对10至19岁女性青少年团队运动运动员进行持续≥4周的ST或PT干预对VJ、LS或CODS影响的随机对照试验。从创刊至2024年8月28日，在PubMed、科学网、Cochrane、Embase和SPORTDiscus中进行了系统检索。使用Cochrane随机试验偏倚风险工具的最新版本（ROB-2）评估纳入研究的偏倚风险。在Stata15.0中使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。根据参与者特征（年龄、身高、体重和运动类型）和训练计划变量（持续时间、频率和总训练次数）进行亚组分析。纳入了26项涉及705名女性青少年团队运动运动员的研究。荟萃分析显示，ST和PT对VJ（ST，效应量：0.74，中等；PT，效应量：0.87，中等）、LS（ST，效应量：-1.26，大；PT，效应量：-1.23，大）和CODS（ST，效应量：-1.16，中等；PT，效应量：-1.20，中等）均有显著（P<0.05）且中等至较大的影响。亚组分析表明，对于ST，≥10周、≤每周2次训练或≤20次训练的训练方案更有效。ST对15岁以上（LS）、≥163厘米（LS、CODS）、≥63千克的运动员以及手球运动员也显示出更大的益处。对于PT，>9周、>14次训练（VJ）或≥18次训练（CODS）的方案更有效，手球运动员对PT的反应最佳。纳入研究的总体偏倚风险被判定为中等。根据GRADE方法，证据的确定性被评为中等至高。ST和PT在改善女性青少年团队运动运动员的VJ、LS和CODS方面均有效。ST持续时间更长、频率更低或训练次数更少会产生更好的效果。年龄较大和更成熟的运动员对ST的适应性更好，可能是由于肌肉量增加、激素因素和神经肌肉适应。PT持续时间更长或训练次数更多会产生更好的效果。根据观察到的趋势，手球运动员对ST和PT的反应均比其他运动的运动员更大。
