School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Aug;42(8):1582-98. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d2013a.
To determine whether the magnitude of improvement in athletic performance and the mechanisms driving these adaptations differ in relatively weak individuals exposed to either ballistic power training or heavy strength training.
Relatively weak men (n = 24) who could perform the back squat with proficient technique were randomized into three groups: strength training (n = 8; ST), power training (n = 8; PT), or control (n = 8). Training involved three sessions per week for 10 wk in which subjects performed back squats with 75%-90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM; ST) or maximal-effort jump squats with 0%-30% 1RM (PT). Jump and sprint performances were assessed as well as measures of the force-velocity relationship, jumping mechanics, muscle architecture, and neural drive.
Both experimental groups showed significant (P < or = 0.05) improvements in jump and sprint performances after training with no significant between-group differences evident in either jump (peak power: ST = 17.7% +/- 9.3%, PT = 17.6% +/- 4.5%) or sprint performance (40-m sprint: ST = 2.2% +/- 1.9%, PT = 3.6% +/- 2.3%). ST also displayed a significant increase in maximal strength that was significantly greater than the PT group (squat 1RM: ST = 31.2% +/- 11.3%, PT = 4.5% +/- 7.1%). The mechanisms driving these improvements included significant (P < or = 0.05) changes in the force-velocity relationship, jump mechanics, muscle architecture, and neural activation that showed a degree of specificity to the different training stimuli.
Improvements in athletic performance were similar in relatively weak individuals exposed to either ballistic power training or heavy strength training for 10 wk. These performance improvements were mediated through neuromuscular adaptations specific to the training stimulus. The ability of strength training to render similar short-term improvements in athletic performance as ballistic power training, coupled with the potential long-term benefits of improved maximal strength, makes strength training a more effective training modality for relatively weak individuals.
确定相对较弱的个体接受弹道式力量训练或大重量力量训练时，运动表现的改善幅度和驱动这些适应的机制是否存在差异。
24 名能够熟练完成深蹲技术的相对较弱的男性被随机分为三组：力量训练组（n=8；ST）、力量训练组（n=8；PT）或对照组（n=8）。训练涉及每周 3 次，共 10 周，受试者分别进行 75%-90%1 次重复最大重量（1RM；ST）或 0%-30%1RM 最大努力跳蹲（PT）的深蹲。评估了跳跃和冲刺表现，以及力速关系、跳跃力学、肌肉结构和神经驱动的测量值。
两组实验均显示出跳跃和冲刺表现的显著（P<或=0.05）改善，而在跳跃（峰值功率：ST=17.7%±9.3%，PT=17.6%±4.5%）或冲刺性能（40m 冲刺：ST=2.2%±1.9%，PT=3.6%±2.3%）方面，两组间均无明显差异。ST 还显示出最大力量的显著增加，显著大于 PT 组（深蹲 1RM：ST=31.2%±11.3%，PT=4.5%±7.1%）。这些改善的机制包括力速关系、跳跃力学、肌肉结构和神经激活的显著变化（P<或=0.05），这些变化具有对不同训练刺激的一定特异性。
在相对较弱的个体中，10 周的弹道式力量训练或大重量力量训练均可导致运动表现的相似改善。这些性能的改善是通过对训练刺激特定的神经肌肉适应来介导的。与弹道式力量训练相比，力量训练能够在短期内对运动表现产生相似的改善效果，同时具有提高最大力量的潜在长期益处，这使得力量训练成为相对较弱的个体更有效的训练模式。
