Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Parasitol Res. 2010 Mar;106(4):911-6. doi: 10.1007/s00436-010-1758-5. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
A preliminary study was conducted in January 2009 in four peasant associations (PAs) selected from two districts in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia to investigate the prevalence and species of trypanosomes infecting donkeys and mules and identify the fly vectors playing a role in the transmission of trypanosomosis. Blood samples were collected from a total of 334 donkeys and 52 mules and examined by dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat technique and Giemsa-stained blood smears. Accordingly, trypanosome species were encountered in 6.3% of the examined donkeys (n = 21) while none of the mules examined was positive for trypanosome infection. Trypanosomes and tsetse flies were detected in two of the four PAs surveyed (Tsetsa adurno and Bamadone) with significant (P = 0.004) difference in prevalence. The inability to find trypanosomes in the other two PAs (Ura and Ashura) was most likely due to the absence of appropriate fly vectors. Three species of trypanosomes were detected in donkeys, which in order of predominance were Trypanosoma congolense (52.4%), Trypanosoma brucei (28.6%), and Trypanosoma vivax (19.05%). There was a significant (P = 0.008) difference in mean PCV between trypanosome infected and non-infected donkeys. The body condition score of the donkeys was significantly associated with both prevalence of infection (P = 0.009) and mean packed cell volume (PCV; P < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed between male and female donkeys regarding both prevalence of infection and mean PCV (P > 0.05 for each factor). The entomological surveys revealed the presence of Glossina morsitans submorsitans and other biting flies of the family Stomoxys, Tabanus, and Haematopota. In conclusion, the prevalence of trypanosomosis obtained in the current study is generally low compared to previous studies. As the present study design was a cross-sectional, one that only depicts a momentary picture of the infection status in the herd, a further longitudinal study that makes use of more sensitive techniques and entomological survey is recommended.
2009 年 1 月，在埃塞俄比亚西北部本尚古勒-古马兹州的两个区选择了四个农民协会（PA）进行了一项初步研究，以调查感染驴和骡子的锥虫的流行率和种类，并确定在锥虫病传播中起作用的苍蝇媒介。从总共 334 头驴和 52 头骡子中采集血液样本，并通过暗场/相差缓冲涂片技术和吉姆萨染色血液涂片进行检查。因此，在所检查的驴中发现了 6.3%（n = 21）的锥虫种类，而检查的骡子均未感染锥虫。在调查的四个 PA 中的两个（Tsetsa adurno 和 Bamadone）中发现了锥虫和采采蝇，流行率存在显著差异（P = 0.004）。在另外两个 PA（Ura 和 Ashura）中未发现锥虫，最有可能是因为缺乏合适的苍蝇媒介。在驴中检测到三种锥虫，按优势顺序分别是刚果锥虫（52.4%）、布氏锥虫（28.6%）和伊氏锥虫（19.05%）。感染锥虫的驴和未感染的驴之间的平均 PCV 存在显著差异（P = 0.008）。驴的身体状况评分与感染率（P = 0.009）和平均红细胞压积（PCV；P <0.0001）均显著相关。在感染率和平均 PCV 方面，雄性和雌性驴之间没有观察到显著差异（每个因素的 P > 0.05）。昆虫学调查显示存在舌蝇亚种和其他吸血蝇科的苍蝇，如 Stomoxys、Tabanus 和 Haematopota。总之，与以前的研究相比，本研究中获得的锥虫病流行率普遍较低。由于本研究设计是横断面研究，仅描述了畜群感染状况的瞬间情况，因此建议进行进一步的纵向研究，该研究将利用更敏感的技术和昆虫学调查。
