Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Campus Box 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA.
Int J Public Health. 2010 Jun;55(3):227-8. doi: 10.1007/s00038-010-0120-0. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
Discuss issues related to time-varying exposures using as an example the recently meta-analyzed literature (Baliunas et al. in Int J Public Health, 2009) on alcohol consumption and risk of HIV infection.
Cataloged sources of bias and imprecision in the context of time-varying exposures.
Confounding, selection, or measurement bias may occur when standard regression approaches are used to estimate effects of time-varying exposures. The reviewed literature on alcohol consumption and HIV infection suffer from one or more of these biases.
Detailed prospective data and thoughtful implementation of appropriate statistical methods are needed to obtain unbiased estimates of time-varying exposures, such as alcohol consumption.
以最近的荟萃分析文献（Baliunas 等人，国际公共卫生杂志，2009）为例，讨论与时间变化暴露相关的问题，该文献探讨了饮酒与 HIV 感染风险之间的关系。
对时间变化暴露相关的偏倚和不精确性的来源进行了分类。
当使用标准回归方法来估计时间变化暴露的影响时，可能会出现混杂、选择或测量偏倚。关于饮酒和 HIV 感染的文献综述存在一种或多种这些偏倚。
需要详细的前瞻性数据和深思熟虑地实施适当的统计方法，以获得时间变化暴露（如饮酒）的无偏估计。
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