Processed Foods Research, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, Calfifornia 94710, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Apr 14;58(7):3984-91. doi: 10.1021/jf903230s.
This study analyzed plasma lipid profiles, genes related to cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, and inflammation in liver as well as adipose tissue from Syrian Golden hamsters fed high-fat diets supplemented with blueberry (BB) pomace byproducts including 8% dried whole blueberry peels (BBPWHL), 2% dried extract of peels (BBPX; 95% ethanol extract), and 6% residue from extracted peel (BBPEXT) compared to a diet containing 5% (w/w) microcrystalline cellulose (control). All BB diets significantly lowered plasma very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol concentrations. Interestingly, BB diets increased fecal lipid excretion. Hepatic CYP7A1 expression was up-regulated by all BB diets, and the expression of CYP51 was up-regulated by BBPX and BBPEXT diets, suggesting that both bile acid and cholesterol synthesis were increased. No significant changes in adipocyte gene expression related to inflammatory markers were observed with any BB diet. These data suggest that hepatic modulation of bile acid and cholesterol synthesis primarily contributes to the cholesterol-lowering effect of BB pomace byproducts.
本研究分析了高脂饮食喂养的叙利亚金黄仓鼠的血浆脂质谱、与胆固醇和胆汁酸代谢相关的基因以及肝脏和脂肪组织中的炎症情况，这些饮食中添加了蓝莓（BB）渣副产品，包括 8%的干全蓝莓皮（BBPWHL）、2%的皮干提取物（BBPX；95%乙醇提取物）和 6%的提取皮渣（BBPEXT），与含有 5%（w/w）微晶纤维素的饮食（对照）相比。所有 BB 饮食均显著降低了血浆极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和总胆固醇浓度。有趣的是，BB 饮食增加了粪便脂质排泄。所有 BB 饮食均上调了肝 CYP7A1 表达，而 BBPX 和 BBPEXT 饮食上调了 CYP51 的表达，表明胆汁酸和胆固醇合成均增加。任何 BB 饮食均未观察到与炎症标志物相关的脂肪细胞基因表达的显著变化。这些数据表明，肝脏对胆汁酸和胆固醇合成的调节主要导致了蓝莓渣副产品的降胆固醇作用。
