Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota and Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, USA.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010 Mar;13(2):125-9. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283357242.
This review addresses the cardiovascular benefits of the two families of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs): omega-6 and omega-3. The former (and the shorter chain species of the latter) are found in vegetable oils and nuts, whereas the longer chain omega-3 FAs are found in fish oils. Although most clinicians understand that the omega-3 FAs are beneficial, there have been calls in the popular press to reduce the intake of the omega-6 FAs because of presumed proinflammatory and prothrombotic effects.
The American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee has published two 'Science Advisories', one in 2002 on omega-3 FAs and a new one on omega-6 FAs. Both considered a wide variety of data regarding their effects on cardiac risk.
The AHA concludes that Americans need to increase their intake of long-chain omega-3 FAs and that they should maintain (and possibly even increase) their intakes of omega-6 FAs. For the omega-3 FAs, a healthy target intake is about 500 mg per day (whether from oily fish or fish oil capsules) and for linoleic acid, approximately 15 g per day (12 g for women and 17 g for men). Achieving healthy intakes of both omega-6 and omega-3 FAs is an important component of the nutritional prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.
本篇综述讨论了两类必需多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的心血管益处：ω-6 和 ω-3。前者（以及后者的短链物种）存在于植物油和坚果中，而长链 ω-3 PUFA 存在于鱼油中。尽管大多数临床医生都知道 ω-3 PUFA 有益，但大众媒体曾呼吁减少 ω-6 PUFA 的摄入量，因为它们被认为具有促炎和促血栓形成作用。
美国心脏协会营养委员会发表了两份“科学建议”，一份是 2002 年关于 ω-3 PUFA 的，另一份是关于 ω-6 PUFA 的新建议。两份建议都考虑了关于它们对心脏风险影响的各种数据。
AHA 得出结论，美国人需要增加长链 ω-3 PUFA 的摄入量，并应保持（甚至可能增加）ω-6 PUFA 的摄入量。对于 ω-3 PUFA，健康的目标摄入量约为每天 500 毫克（无论是来自油性鱼还是鱼油胶囊），对于亚油酸，每天约 15 克（女性 12 克，男性 17 克）。实现 ω-6 和 ω-3 PUFA 的健康摄入量是冠心病营养预防和治疗的重要组成部分。
