Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2010 Feb;11(1):43-7. doi: 10.1080/15389580903452340.
To determine whether the severity of injuries sustained by pedestrians involved in motor vehicle collisions varies by road type and age.
All police-reported pedestrian motor vehicle collisions in the city of Toronto, Canada, between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2005, were analyzed. Geographic Information Systems software was used to determine whether the collisions occurred on major or neighborhood roads. Age-specific estimates of the burden of pedestrian collisions are presented. Odds ratios and 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated to examine age-specific relationships between injury severity and road type. A second analysis comparing the distribution of severe injury location between age groups was also performed.
The majority of collisions involved adults (68%), although elderly pedestrians were overrepresented in fatal collisions (49%). Severe and fatal collisions involving working-age and elderly adult pedestrians were more likely on major roads. Odds of severe injury occurring on a major road were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.17-1.57) times higher for adults ages 18 to 64, and 1.55 (95% CI: 1.22-1.99) times higher for elderly aged 65+. By contrast, severe injuries among children were more common on neighborhood roads, with odds of severe injury on a major road of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.37-1.1) for children aged 5 to 9. Among children under 9, 64-67 percent of hospitalized or fatal injuries occurred on neighborhood roads, a marked difference from the distribution of such injuries in adults or the elderly, for whom only 29-30 percent of hospitalized or fatal injuries occurred on neighborhood roads (chi-square = 52.6, p < or =.001).
Targeting interventions toward the adult pedestrian burden on major roads alone will not make child pedestrians safer. Pedestrian interventions specific to children and focused on neighborhood roads must be considered in urban centers like Toronto.
确定行人在机动车事故中所受伤害的严重程度是否因道路类型和年龄而异。
对 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2005 年 12 月 31 日期间，在加拿大多伦多市发生的所有有警方报告的行人与机动车事故进行了分析。使用地理信息系统软件来确定事故是否发生在主要道路或社区道路上。报告了特定年龄组行人碰撞事故的负担估计数。计算了比值比和 95%置信区间，以检查损伤严重程度与道路类型之间的年龄特异性关系。还进行了第二次分析，比较了不同年龄组严重伤害部位的分布。
大多数事故涉及成年人（68%），尽管老年人在致命事故中所占比例过高（49%）。青壮年和老年成年行人发生严重和致命事故的可能性更大，主要发生在主要道路上。18-64 岁的成年人在主要道路上发生严重伤害的几率为 1.36（95%CI：1.17-1.57）倍，65 岁以上的老年人为 1.55（95%CI：1.22-1.99）倍。相比之下，儿童在社区道路上更易发生严重伤害，5-9 岁儿童在主要道路上发生严重伤害的几率为 0.64（95%CI：0.37-1.1）。在 9 岁以下的儿童中，64%-67%的住院或致命伤害发生在社区道路上，与成年人或老年人的此类伤害分布有明显差异，成年人或老年人中只有 29%-30%的住院或致命伤害发生在社区道路上（卡方=52.6，p<0.001）。
仅针对主要道路上成年行人的负担采取干预措施，不会使儿童行人更安全。在像多伦多这样的城市中心，必须考虑针对儿童的具体行人干预措施，并侧重于社区道路。
