Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 10219, Riyadh-11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2010 Mar-Apr;24(2):95-101. doi: 10.1002/jbt.20317.
Casearia esculenta root (Roxb.) is widely used in traditional system of medicine to treat diabetes in India. An active compound, 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol (3-HMX), has been isolated, and its optimum dose has been determined in a short duration study and patented. In addition, the long-term effect of 3-HMX in type 2 diabetic rats on carbohydrate metabolism was investigated, and its antihyperglycemic effect was shown previously (Chandramohan et al., Eur J Pharmacol 2008;590:437-443). In this study we investigated the effect of 3-HMX on plasma and tissue lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 180-200 g, by administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneally. The normal and diabetic rats were treated with 3-HMX (40 mg/kg BW/day) for 45 days. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids were assayed in the plasma besides lipoprotein-cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C)) and tissues (liver, kidney, heart, and brain). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and phospholipid (LDL-C and VLDL-C in plasma only) levels increased in plasma and tissues significantly, whereas plasma HDL-C significantly decreased in diabetic rats. Treatment with 3-HMX or glibenclamide reversed the above-mentioned changes and improved toward normalcy. Histological study of liver also confirmed the biochemical findings. Thus administration of 3-HMX is able to reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia related to the risk of diabetes mellitus.
山竹子根（Roxb.）在印度被广泛用于传统医学以治疗糖尿病。一种活性化合物 3-羟甲基木糖醇（3-HMX）已被分离出来，并在一项短期研究中确定了其最佳剂量并获得专利。此外，先前已经研究了 3-HMX 对 2 型糖尿病大鼠碳水化合物代谢的长期作用及其降血糖作用（Chandramohan 等人，Eur J Pharmacol 2008；590：437-443）。在这项研究中，我们研究了 3-HMX 对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠血浆和组织脂质谱的影响。通过腹腔内给予链脲佐菌素（40mg/kg 体重）将成年雄性白化 Wistar 大鼠诱导为糖尿病，体重为 180-200g。正常和糖尿病大鼠用 3-HMX（40mg/kg BW/天）治疗 45 天。除脂蛋白胆固醇（高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL-C））和组织（肝、肾、心和脑）外，还测定了血浆中的总胆固醇、甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸和磷脂水平。血浆和组织中的总胆固醇、甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸和磷脂（仅在血浆中 LDL-C 和 VLDL-C）水平显着升高，而糖尿病大鼠的血浆 HDL-C 显着降低。用 3-HMX 或格列本脲治疗可逆转上述变化并恢复正常。肝组织学研究也证实了生化发现。因此，3-HMX 的给药能够降低与糖尿病风险相关的高血糖和高血脂。
