University of British Columbia, ICORD, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
J Neurotrauma. 2011 Aug;28(8):1611-82. doi: 10.1089/neu.2009.1177. Epub 2010 Apr 20.
Cell transplantation therapies have become a major focus in pre-clinical research as a promising strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). In this article, we systematically review the available pre-clinical literature on the most commonly used cell types in order to assess the body of evidence that may support their translation to human SCI patients. These cell types include Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing glial cells, embryonic and adult neural stem/progenitor cells, fate-restricted neural/glial precursor cells, and bone-marrow stromal cells. Studies were included for review only if they described the transplantation of the cell substrate into an in-vivo model of traumatic SCI, induced either bluntly or sharply. Using these inclusion criteria, 162 studies were identified and reviewed in detail, emphasizing their behavioral effects (although not limiting the scope of the discussion to behavioral effects alone). Significant differences between cells of the same "type" exist based on the species and age of donor, as well as culture conditions and mode of delivery. Many of these studies used cell transplantations in combination with other strategies. The systematic review makes it very apparent that cells derived from rodent sources have been the most extensively studied, while only 19 studies reported the transplantation of human cells, nine of which utilized bone-marrow stromal cells. Similarly, the vast majority of studies have been conducted in rodent models of injury, and few studies have investigated cell transplantation in larger mammals or primates. With respect to the timing of intervention, nearly all of the studies reviewed were conducted with transplantations occurring subacutely and acutely, while chronic treatments were rare and often failed to yield functional benefits.
细胞移植疗法已成为临床前研究的一个主要焦点，是治疗脊髓损伤 (SCI) 的有前途的策略。在本文中，我们系统地回顾了最常用于临床前研究的细胞类型的现有文献，以评估可能支持将其转化为人类 SCI 患者的证据。这些细胞类型包括施万细胞、嗅鞘细胞、胚胎和成年神经干细胞/祖细胞、命运受限的神经/胶质前体细胞和骨髓基质细胞。只有描述细胞基质移植到创伤性 SCI 的体内模型中的研究才被包括在内，这些模型要么是钝性损伤，要么是锐性损伤。使用这些纳入标准，确定并详细审查了 162 项研究，强调了它们的行为效应（尽管不限于行为效应）。基于供体的物种和年龄、培养条件和传递方式，同一“类型”的细胞之间存在显著差异。许多这些研究将细胞移植与其他策略结合使用。系统综述清楚地表明，源自啮齿动物来源的细胞已得到最广泛的研究，而只有 19 项研究报告了人类细胞的移植，其中 9 项使用了骨髓基质细胞。同样，绝大多数研究都是在啮齿动物损伤模型中进行的，很少有研究调查细胞移植在较大的哺乳动物或灵长类动物中的应用。就干预时间而言，几乎所有回顾的研究都是在亚急性和急性时进行移植，而慢性治疗很少，并且常常未能带来功能益处。
