Cotes B, Campos M, Pascual F, Ruano F
Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC) Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
Environ Entomol. 2010 Feb;39(1):79-87. doi: 10.1603/EN09160.
The aim of this survey is to faunistically describe ladybeetle assemblages from the canopies of olive orchards in southern Spain (Córdoba and Granada) and determine the indicator ladybeetle species that are representative of each region, taking into account (1) the ecological importance of predatory ladybeetle species in olive orchards and (2) the variability of ladybeetle community composition in relation to landscape configuration and different farming systems (organic, integrated, and conventional), using ordination and classification methods. The total number of coccinellids collected was 481; they belonged to 9 genera and 13 species. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed a clear separation between orchards from Granada and orchards from Córdoba, taking into account ladybeetle species, environmental variables, and sampled orchards. The land use types and geographical locations showed that Scymnus mediterraneus Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1972 and Platynaspis luteorubra (Goeze, 1777) captured at higher latitudes benefited more from a larger organic olive area and from the presence of holm oak forests in the surrounding area. Coccinella septempunctata L., 1758 and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) were found at lower latitudes and at higher longitudes. Ladybeetle assemblages can vary in response to the type of farming system, especially with regard to pesticide use and landscape configuration. Nevertheless, evaluation of species composition might help identify the state of conservation of these agroecosystems. This knowledge could be used to improve the sustainability of agricultural landscapes to increase the presence of coccinellids and their ecological function in olive pest control.
本次调查的目的是对西班牙南部（科尔多瓦和格拉纳达）橄榄园树冠层中的瓢虫群落进行动物区系描述，并确定代表每个地区的指示性瓢虫物种，同时考虑到：（1）捕食性瓢虫物种在橄榄园中的生态重要性；（2）瓢虫群落组成相对于景观格局和不同耕作系统（有机、综合和传统）的变异性，采用排序和分类方法。收集到的瓢虫总数为481只；它们分属于9个属和13个物种。典范对应分析（CCA）表明，考虑到瓢虫物种、环境变量和采样果园，格拉纳达的果园与科尔多瓦的果园之间存在明显差异。土地利用类型和地理位置表明，在较高纬度捕获的地中海食螨瓢虫Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1972和黄斑盘瓢虫（Goeze，1777）从更大面积的有机橄榄园以及周边地区存在的圣栎林中获益更多。七星瓢虫L.，1758和多异瓢虫（Goeze，1777）出现在较低纬度和较高经度地区。瓢虫群落可能会因耕作系统类型而有所不同，尤其是在农药使用和景观格局方面。然而，对物种组成的评估可能有助于确定这些农业生态系统的保护状况。这些知识可用于提高农业景观的可持续性，以增加瓢虫的数量及其在橄榄害虫控制中的生态功能。
