The ladybeetle community (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in southern olive agroecosystems of Spain.

The aim of this survey is to faunistically describe ladybeetle assemblages from the canopies of olive orchards in southern Spain (Córdoba and Granada) and determine the indicator ladybeetle species that are representative of each region, taking into account (1) the ecological importance of predatory ladybeetle species in olive orchards and (2) the variability of ladybeetle community composition in relation to landscape configuration and different farming systems (organic, integrated, and conventional), using ordination and classification methods. The total number of coccinellids collected was 481; they belonged to 9 genera and 13 species. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed a clear separation between orchards from Granada and orchards from Córdoba, taking into account ladybeetle species, environmental variables, and sampled orchards. The land use types and geographical locations showed that Scymnus mediterraneus Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1972 and Platynaspis luteorubra (Goeze, 1777) captured at higher latitudes benefited more from a larger organic olive area and from the presence of holm oak forests in the surrounding area. Coccinella septempunctata L., 1758 and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) were found at lower latitudes and at higher longitudes. Ladybeetle assemblages can vary in response to the type of farming system, especially with regard to pesticide use and landscape configuration. Nevertheless, evaluation of species composition might help identify the state of conservation of these agroecosystems. This knowledge could be used to improve the sustainability of agricultural landscapes to increase the presence of coccinellids and their ecological function in olive pest control.