Molecular Pathogenesis Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Mucosal Immunol. 2010 May;3(3):209-12. doi: 10.1038/mi.2010.3. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
Commensal bacteria are crucial for maturation and function of the mucosal immune system. However, the mechanisms of these interactions are poorly understood. In addition, the role of the composition of the microbiota and the importance of individual species in this community in stimulating different types of immunity are major unanswered questions. We recently showed that the balance between two major effector T cell populations in the intestine, IL-17(+) Th17 cells and Foxp3(+) Tregs, requires signals from commensal bacteria and is dependent on the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Comparison of microbiota from Th17 cell-deficient and Th17 cell-sufficient mice identified segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) as capable of specifically inducing Th17 cells in the gut. SFB represent the first example of a commensal species that can skew the mucosal effector T cell balance and thus affect the immune fitness of the individual.
共生细菌对黏膜免疫系统的成熟和功能至关重要。然而，这些相互作用的机制还不太清楚。此外，微生物组的组成以及该群落中单个物种在刺激不同类型免疫中的作用是主要未解决的问题。我们最近表明，肠道中两种主要效应 T 细胞群体（IL-17+ Th17 细胞和 Foxp3+ Tregs）之间的平衡需要来自共生细菌的信号，并且依赖于肠道微生物组的组成。对 Th17 细胞缺陷型和 Th17 细胞充足型小鼠的微生物组进行比较，鉴定出了梭状芽胞杆菌（SFB），它能够特异性地在肠道中诱导 Th17 细胞。SFB 代表了第一个能够倾斜黏膜效应 T 细胞平衡从而影响个体免疫适应性的共生物种的例子。
