Childs Michelle
Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines, Médecins Sans Frontières, Rue de Lausanne 78, P.O. Box 116, CH-1211, Geneva 21, Switzerland.
Open AIDS J. 2010 Jan 19;4:33-6. doi: 10.2174/1874613601004020033.
Recent WHO guidelines for antiretroviral therapy recommend switching to less toxic, but more expensive medicines for first-line and second-line ART, raising questions about the financial sustainability of many AIDS treatment programmes. At the same time, many key generic producing countries such as India now grant pharmaceutical product patents so competition between multiple manufacturers will not be able to play the role it has in bringing down the price of newer drugs.Overcoming these patent barriers will require a range of solutions, such as restricting patentability criteria, or compulsory licensing. One additional systematic solution is provided by the patent pool, a collective solution to the management of patent rights, initially presented by Médecins Sans Frontières to the French Foreign Ministry and subsequently the UNITAID Executive Board in 2006.A patent pool must not be implemented at any costs, but answer medical needs, be based on economic realities and meet the access needs of the developing world, including middle-income countries.
世界卫生组织最近的抗逆转录病毒疗法指南建议，一线和二线抗逆转录病毒治疗应改用毒性较小但价格更高的药物，这引发了许多艾滋病治疗项目财务可持续性的问题。与此同时，许多主要的仿制药生产国，如印度，现在授予药品专利，因此多家制造商之间的竞争将无法发挥其在降低新药价格方面的作用。克服这些专利障碍需要一系列解决方案，如限制专利性标准或强制许可。专利池提供了另一种系统性解决方案，这是一种管理专利权的集体解决方案，最初由无国界医生组织提交给法国外交部，随后于2006年提交给国际药品采购机制执行委员会。专利池绝不能不惜一切代价实施，而应满足医疗需求，基于经济现实，并满足包括中等收入国家在内的发展中世界的获取需求。
