Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University World Health Organization Collaborative Centre for Training and Research, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt.
Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Jan 14;9:4. doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-9-4.
There is an increasing probability that the psychiatrist will, willingly or not, come into contact with mentally ill offenders in the course of their practice. There are increasing rates of violence, substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders that are of legal importance. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the rates of different mental disorders in 100 court reports and to investigate the characteristics of mentally ill offenders.
All cases referred from different departments of the legal system to the forensic committee for assessment of legal accountability over 13-months duration were included. A specially designed form was prepared for data collection. Cases were classified into five groups: murder, robbery, financial offences, violent and simple offences and a group for other offences. Data were subjected to statistical analysis and comparisons between different groups of subjects were performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Men constituted 93% of cases. In all, 73% of offenders were younger than 40 years old. Schizophrenia cases made up 13% of the total, substance related cases constituted 56% and amphetamine cases alone made up 21%; 10% of cases were antisocial personality disorders, and 51% of cases were classified as having a low education level. Unemployment was found in 34% of cases. The final decision of the forensic committee was full responsibility in 46% of cases and partial responsibility in 11% of cases, with 33% considered non-responsible. A total of 58% of cases had had contact with psychiatric healthcare prior to the offence and in 9% of cases contact had been in the previous 12 weeks. A history of similar offences was found in 32% of cases. In all, 14% of the offences were murders, 8% were sexual crimes, and 31% were violent/simple crimes.
The ability of the legal system to detect cases was good, while the ability of the healthcare system to predict crimes and offences was weak, as 58% of cases had had previous contact with the healthcare system previously. Substance abuse, especially amphetamine abuse, played an important role.
精神病医生在执业过程中，无论是自愿还是被迫，都有可能接触到患有精神疾病的罪犯。目前，暴力犯罪、药物滥用和其他具有法律重要性的精神障碍发病率不断上升。因此，本研究旨在调查 100 份法庭报告中不同精神障碍的发病率，并调查精神病罪犯的特征。
本研究纳入了 13 个月期间因法律责任评估而从不同司法部门转介到法医委员会的所有病例。为此特别设计了一种表格用于数据收集。将病例分为五组：谋杀、抢劫、金融犯罪、暴力和简单犯罪以及其他犯罪。对数据进行统计分析，并通过方差分析（ANOVA）对不同组别的数据进行比较。
男性占病例的 93%。所有罪犯中，73%的罪犯年龄小于 40 岁。精神分裂症病例占总病例的 13%，药物相关病例占 56%，安非他命病例单独占 21%；10%的病例为反社会人格障碍，51%的病例被归类为低教育水平。34%的病例失业。法医委员会的最终决定是 46%的病例完全负责，11%的病例部分负责，33%的病例被认为无责任。总共 58%的病例在犯罪前曾接触过精神卫生保健，9%的病例在犯罪前 12 周内有过接触。32%的病例有类似犯罪史。总共有 14%的犯罪是谋杀，8%是性犯罪，31%是暴力/简单犯罪。
法律系统发现病例的能力较好，而医疗保健系统预测犯罪和发病的能力较弱，因为 58%的病例之前曾接触过医疗保健系统。药物滥用，尤其是安非他命滥用，起着重要作用。
