University of Michigan Ross School of Business, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Am J Transplant. 2010 May;10(5):1221-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03019.x. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
The shortage of transplant kidneys has spurred debate about legalizing monetary payments to donors to increase the number of available kidneys. However, buying and selling organs faces widespread disapproval. We survey a representative sample of Americans to assess disapproval for several forms of kidney market, and to understand why individuals disapprove by identifying factors that predict disapproval, including disapproval of markets for other body parts, dislike of increased scope for markets and distrust of markets generally. Our results suggest that while the public is potentially receptive to compensating kidney donors, among those who oppose it, general disapproval toward certain kinds of transactions is at least as important as concern about specific policy details. Between 51% and 63% of respondents approve of the various potential kidney markets we investigate, and between 42% and 58% want such markets to be legal. A total of 38% of respondents disapprove of at least one market. Respondents who distrust markets generally are not more disapproving of kidney markets; however we find significant correlations between kidney market disapproval and attitudes reflecting disapproval toward certain transactions-including both other body markets and market encroachment into traditionally nonmarket exchanges, such as food preparation.
肾脏短缺促使人们就为捐赠者提供金钱报酬以增加可利用肾脏数量的做法展开了辩论。然而，买卖器官的做法受到广泛的反对。我们对有代表性的美国人样本进行了调查，以评估几种形式的肾脏市场所受到的反对程度，并通过确定导致反对的因素来了解人们为何反对，这些因素包括对其他身体部位市场的反对、对市场扩大范围的不满以及对市场的普遍不信任。研究结果表明，虽然公众可能愿意为肾脏捐赠者提供补偿，但在那些反对这种做法的人当中，对某些类型交易的普遍反对至少与对具体政策细节的担忧同样重要。我们调查的各种潜在肾脏市场中，有 51%至 63%的受访者表示赞成，有 42%至 58%的受访者希望这些市场合法化。共有 38%的受访者至少反对一种市场。一般不信任市场的受访者对肾脏市场并不更反感；然而，我们发现，对肾脏市场的反对与反映对某些交易反感的态度之间存在显著相关性，这些交易包括其他身体部位市场以及市场对传统非市场交换的侵蚀，如食品准备。
