Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, IMIDA, C/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2010 Mar;79(2):216-20. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.034. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
Although there is some evidence regarding the effect of solarization and biosolarization on pesticide degradation, information is still scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of these disinfection techniques on the degradation of eight fungicides (azoxystrobin, kresoxin methyl, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, triadimenol, cyprodinil, pyrimethanil and fludioxonil) commonly used in pepper crops under greenhouse cultivation. Seventy-five 17-L pots filled with clay-loam soil were placed in a greenhouse during the summer season and then contaminated with the studied fungicides. Treatments consisted of different disinfection treatments, including a control without disinfection, solarization and biosolarization. For the solarization and biosolarization treatments, low-density polyethylene film was used as cover. Five pots per treatment were sampled periodically up to 90d after the beginning of each treatment and fungicide residues were analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that both solarization and biosolarization enhanced fungicide dissipation rates with regard to the control treatment, an effect which was attributed to the increased soil temperature. Most of the fungicides studied showed similar behavior under solarization and biosolarization conditions. However, triadimenol was degraded to a greater extent in the biosolarization than in the solarization treatment, while fludioxonil behaved in the opposite way. The results confirm that both solarization and biosolarization contribute to pesticide dissipation and can therefore be considered alongside other soil disinfection techniques, as a bioremediation tool for pesticide-polluted soils.
尽管有一些关于太阳化和生物太阳化对农药降解影响的证据，但信息仍然很少。本研究的目的是确定这些消毒技术对在温室栽培辣椒作物中常用的 8 种杀菌剂（肟菌酯、克菌丹甲基、戊唑醇、己唑醇、三唑醇、嘧菌酯、嘧啶苯胺和氟唑菌酰胺）降解的影响。在夏季，将 75 个 17 升的盆装满粘壤土，放置在温室中，然后用研究中的杀菌剂污染。处理包括不同的消毒处理，包括不消毒、太阳化和生物太阳化的对照。对于太阳化和生物太阳化处理，使用低密度聚乙烯膜作为覆盖物。每个处理 5 个盆，在每个处理开始后的 90 天内定期取样，并通过 GC/MS 分析杀菌剂残留量。结果表明，与对照处理相比，太阳化和生物太阳化都提高了杀菌剂的消解速率，这一效应归因于土壤温度的升高。研究中大多数杀菌剂在太阳化和生物太阳化条件下表现出相似的行为。然而，三唑醇在生物太阳化处理中比在太阳化处理中降解得更彻底，而氟唑菌酰胺则表现出相反的方式。结果证实，太阳化和生物太阳化都有助于农药的消解，因此可以与其他土壤消毒技术一起考虑，作为农药污染土壤的生物修复工具。
