Fenoll José, Garrido Isabel, Vela Nuria, Ros Caridad, Navarro Simón
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150, Murcia, Spain.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de Los Jerónimos, s/n. Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Apr;24(10):9278-9285. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-8589-1. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
The leaching potential of three insecticides (spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, and spirotetramat) was assessed using disturbed soil columns. Small quantities of spirodiclofen and spiromesifen were detected in leachate fraction, while spirotetramat residues were not found in the leachates. In addition, the transformation products (enol derivatives) are relatively more mobile than the parent compounds and may leach into groundwater. Moreover, the use of disinfection soil techniques (solarization and biosolarization) to enhance their degradation rates in soil was investigated. The results show that both practices achieved a reduction in the number of juvenile nematodes, enhancing in a parallel way degradation rates of the insecticides and their enol derivatives as compared with the non-disinfected soil. This behavior can be mainly attributed to the increase in soil temperature and changes in microbial activity. All insecticides showed similar behavior under solarization and biosolarization conditions. As a consequence, both agronomic techniques could be considered as suitable strategies for detoxification of soils polluted with the studied pesticides.
使用扰动土柱评估了三种杀虫剂（螺虫乙酯、螺甲螨酯和螺虫噻虫啉）的淋溶潜力。在渗滤液组分中检测到少量的螺虫乙酯和螺甲螨酯，而在渗滤液中未发现螺虫噻虫啉残留。此外，转化产物（烯醇衍生物）比母体化合物的迁移性相对更强，可能会渗入地下水中。此外，还研究了使用土壤消毒技术（日光暴晒和生物日光暴晒）来提高它们在土壤中的降解率。结果表明，这两种方法都减少了幼虫线虫的数量，与未消毒土壤相比，同时提高了杀虫剂及其烯醇衍生物的降解率。这种行为主要可归因于土壤温度的升高和微生物活性的变化。在日光暴晒和生物日光暴晒条件下，所有杀虫剂都表现出相似的行为。因此，这两种农艺技术都可被视为对受所研究农药污染的土壤进行解毒的合适策略。
