Young Eric, Alper Hal
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:130781. doi: 10.1155/2010/130781. Epub 2010 Jan 27.
The general central dogma frames the emergent properties of life, which make biology both necessary and difficult to engineer. In a process engineering paradigm, each biological process stream and process unit is heavily influenced by regulatory interactions and interactions with the surrounding environment. Synthetic biology is developing the tools and methods that will increase control over these interactions, eventually resulting in an integrative synthetic biology that will allow ground-up cellular optimization. In this review, we attempt to contextualize the areas of synthetic biology into three tiers: (1) the process units and associated streams of the central dogma, (2) the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms, and (3) the extrinsic physical and chemical environment. Efforts at each of these three tiers attempt to control cellular systems and take advantage of emerging tools and approaches. Ultimately, it will be possible to integrate these approaches and realize the vision of integrative synthetic biology when cells are completely rewired for biotechnological goals. This review will highlight progress towards this goal as well as areas requiring further research.
一般的中心法则构建了生命的涌现特性，这使得生物学既有必要又难以进行工程化设计。在过程工程范式中，每个生物过程流和过程单元都受到调控相互作用以及与周围环境相互作用的严重影响。合成生物学正在开发能够增强对这些相互作用控制的工具和方法，最终形成整合的合成生物学，实现从基础层面进行细胞优化。在本综述中，我们试图将合成生物学领域划分为三个层次：（1）中心法则的过程单元及相关流程，（2）内在调控机制，（3）外在物理和化学环境。在这三个层次上所做的努力都试图控制细胞系统，并利用新兴工具和方法。最终，当细胞为实现生物技术目标而被完全重新布线时，将有可能整合这些方法并实现整合合成生物学的愿景。本综述将突出朝着这一目标取得的进展以及需要进一步研究的领域。
