Department of Human Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Jun;111(6):947-57. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1719-9. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
This investigation was designed to analyze the time-trial (STT) in an international cross-country skiing sprint skating competition for (1) overall STT performance and relative contributions of time spent in different sections of terrain, (2) work rate and kinematics on uphill terrain, and (3) relationships to physiological and kinematic parameters while treadmill roller ski skating. Total time and times in nine different sections of terrain by 12 world-class male sprint skiers were determined, along with work rate and kinematics for one specific uphill section. In addition, peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)), gross efficiency (GE), peak speed (V(peak)), and kinematics in skating were measured. Times on the last two uphill and two final flat sections were correlated to overall STT performance (r = ~-0.80, P < 0.001). For the selected uphill section, speed was correlated to cycle length (r = -0.75, P < 0.01) and the estimated work rate was approximately 160% of peak aerobic power. VO(2peak), GE, V(peak), and peak cycle length were all correlated to STT performance (r = ~-0.85, P < 0.001). More specifically, VO(2peak) and GE were correlated to the last two uphill and two final flat section times, whereas V(peak) and peak cycle length were correlated to times in all uphill, flat, and curved sections except for the initial section (r = ~-0.80, P < 0.01). Performances on uphill and flat terrain in the latter part were the most significant determinants of overall STT performance. Peak oxygen uptake, efficiency, peak speed, and peak cycle length were strongly correlated to overall STT performance, as well as to performance in different sections of the race.
本研究旨在分析国际越野滑雪短距离自由式竞速赛中的计时赛（STT），以分析：（1）整体 STT 表现以及在不同地形段所花费时间的相对贡献；（2）上坡地形的功速比和运动学；（3）在跑步机滚轴滑雪时与生理和运动学参数的关系。本研究确定了 12 名世界级男性短距离速滑运动员在 9 个不同地形段的总时间和时间，以及一个特定上坡段的功速比和运动学。此外，还测量了峰值摄氧量（VO2peak）、总效率（GE）、峰值速度（Vpeak）和滑跑中的运动学。最后两个上坡段和两个最后的平地段的时间与整体 STT 表现呈高度相关（r = ~-0.80，P < 0.001）。对于选定的上坡段，速度与单圈长度呈负相关（r = -0.75，P < 0.01），而估计的功速比约为最大有氧功率的 160%。VO2peak、GE、Vpeak 和峰值单圈长度与 STT 表现均呈高度相关（r = ~-0.85，P < 0.001）。更具体地说，VO2peak 和 GE 与最后两个上坡段和两个最后的平地段时间呈正相关，而 Vpeak 和峰值单圈长度与除初始段以外的所有上坡段、平地段和弯道段时间呈正相关（r = ~-0.80，P < 0.01）。后半程上坡和平地地形的表现是整体 STT 表现的最重要决定因素。峰值摄氧量、效率、峰值速度和峰值单圈长度与整体 STT 表现以及比赛不同阶段的表现密切相关。
