Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 266 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802-6501, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2010 May;202(4):755-64. doi: 10.1007/s00221-010-2177-7. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
We examined the effect of exploring redundant solutions during practice in enhancing the ability to flexibly use them to achieve a task goal. Three groups used different degrees of path redundancy to perform a virtual interception task in which they attempted to hit a stationary target by moving around a stationary obstacle. The low-variability group always practiced with the same position of the obstacle on all trials. The medium-variability and high-variability groups practiced with the obstacle in different positions within a range of 1 and 2 cm respectively. After eight blocks of practice, all participants were transferred to two tests: (a) a fixed obstacle test where the condition was the same as that practiced by the low-variability group, and (b) a variable obstacle test where the condition was the same as that practiced by the high-variability group. Results showed that the low-variability group had the most accurate performance both in the fixed obstacle and the variable obstacle test. The low-variability group showed the least path variability during the fixed obstacle test but was also able to adapt to the different positions of the obstacle during the variable obstacle test. It appears that flexibility in interceptive tasks is emergent from learning a particular task-relevant parameter related to the target location.
我们研究了在实践中探索冗余解决方案对增强灵活运用这些解决方案以实现任务目标的能力的影响。三组人员在执行虚拟拦截任务时使用不同程度的路径冗余度，他们试图通过绕过固定障碍物来击中静止的目标。低变异性组在所有试验中始终以障碍物的相同位置进行练习。中变异性组和高变异性组在 1 到 2 厘米的范围内以不同的位置进行练习。经过八个练习块后，所有参与者都进行了两项测试：（a）固定障碍物测试，条件与低变异性组的练习条件相同，（b）可变障碍物测试，条件与高变异性组的练习条件相同。结果表明，低变异性组在固定障碍物和可变障碍物测试中的表现都最准确。低变异性组在固定障碍物测试中表现出的路径变化最小，但在可变障碍物测试中也能够适应障碍物的不同位置。似乎在拦截任务中的灵活性是从学习与目标位置相关的特定任务相关参数中涌现出来的。
