Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
Compr Psychiatry. 2010 Mar-Apr;51(2):207-16. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.03.007. Epub 2009 Apr 17.
Normative data for the Tygerberg Cognitive Battery (TCB) and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) (in South Africa) have not been formally examined before. The TCB was developed for the bedside pen-and-paper screening of cognitive impairment in each of the 6 main cognitive domains, including attention and concentration, speech, memory, praxis, gnosis, and executive functioning. The test is also used to diagnose different neuropsychiatric conditions. The MMSE is an established screen of cognitive status, which is often used as a comparative standard for novel screening tests such as the TCB. The TCB was initially developed in English and Afrikaans, and a Xhosa version was also initiated with this study so that the 3 most common languages of the region could be accommodated.
The first aim of the study was to estimate normative test performance on the TCB and MMSE among controls, and the second aim was to develop a Xhosa version of the TCB.
Assessments of the TCB and MMSE were carried out in a population of healthy individuals (n = 157). In addition, healthy Xhosa-speaking participants (n = 14) were screened using a Xhosa version of the TCB.
Reliability scores for all forms of the TCB were satisfactory. Age and education correlated significantly with TCB scores (r = -0.26, P < .01; r = 0.64, P < .01, respectively), whereas only education significantly correlated with MMSE scores (r = 0.32, P < .05). Normative values were calculated accordingly, that is, controlled for the effects of age and education. The TCB scores also correlated significantly with MMSE scores (r = 0.49, P < .05), demonstrating the potential of the TCB to serve as an alternate cognitive assessment tool, along with the MMSE, to focus neuropsychiatric investigations. Scores on the Xhosa version differed significantly on speech, praxis, and gnosis between the Afrikaans and English participant scores.
These normative data can be used to increase precision and to provide an impartial evaluation when applying TCB to evaluate the cognitive ability of neuropsychiatrically impaired adult patients. However, age and education effects should be considered when computing the results of cognitive assessment.
在南非，尚未正式检查过 Tygerberg 认知电池（TCB）和简易精神状态检查（MMSE）的规范数据。TCB 是为在每个 6 个主要认知领域中的床边纸笔筛查认知障碍而开发的，包括注意力和集中力、言语、记忆、执行、判断力和执行功能。该测试还用于诊断不同的神经精神疾病。MMSE 是认知状态的既定筛查标准，通常用作 TCB 等新型筛查测试的比较标准。TCB 最初是用英语和南非荷兰语开发的，本研究还启动了科萨语版本，以便可以适应该地区的 3 种最常见语言。
该研究的第一个目的是估计对照组中 TCB 和 MMSE 的规范测试性能，第二个目的是开发 TCB 的科萨语版本。
对 157 名健康个体进行了 TCB 和 MMSE 的评估。此外，还对 14 名健康的科萨语使用者进行了科萨语版 TCB 的筛查。
所有 TCB 形式的可靠性得分均令人满意。年龄和教育程度与 TCB 评分显著相关（r = -0.26，P <.01；r = 0.64，P <.01），而只有教育程度与 MMSE 评分显著相关（r = 0.32，P <.05）。相应地计算了规范值，即控制了年龄和教育的影响。TCB 评分与 MMSE 评分也显著相关（r = 0.49，P <.05），这表明 TCB 具有作为替代认知评估工具的潜力，与 MMSE 一起用于专注神经精神调查。科萨语版本的分数在言语、执行和判断力方面在南非荷兰语和英语参与者的分数之间存在显著差异。
这些规范数据可用于提高精度，并在使用 TCB 评估神经心理受损成年患者的认知能力时提供公正的评估。但是，在计算认知评估结果时应考虑年龄和教育程度的影响。
