前列腺癌的血液和组织生物标志物：最新进展。
Blood and tissue biomarkers in prostate cancer: state of the art.
机构信息
Department of Pathology and Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, D1536, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
出版信息
Urol Clin North Am. 2010 Feb;37(1):131-41, Table of Contents. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2009.11.006.
The prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) is high and increases with age. PCa is the most common cutaneous cancer in American men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has impacted the detection of PCa and is directly responsible for a dramatic decrease in stage at diagnosis. Gleason score and stage at the time of diagnosis remain the mainstay to predict prognosis, in the absence of more accurate and reliable tissue or blood biomarkers. Despite extensive research efforts, very few biomarkers of PCa have been introduced to date in clinical practice. Even screening with PSA has recently been questioned. A thorough analysis of all tissue and serum biomarkers in prostate cancer research cannot be easily synthesized, and goes beyond the scope of the present article. Therefore the authors focus here on the most recently reported tissue and circulating biomarkers for PCa whose application in clinical practice is either current or expected in the near future.
前列腺癌（PCa）的发病率很高，并且随着年龄的增长而增加。PCa 是美国男性中最常见的皮肤癌。前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）筛查影响了 PCa 的检测，并直接导致诊断时的分期明显下降。在缺乏更准确和可靠的组织或血液生物标志物的情况下，前列腺癌诊断时的 Gleason 评分和分期仍然是预测预后的主要依据。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但迄今为止，在临床实践中很少有 PCa 的生物标志物被引入。即使是 PSA 筛查最近也受到了质疑。对前列腺癌研究中所有组织和血清生物标志物的全面分析不容易综合，并且超出了本文的范围。因此，作者在这里重点介绍了最近报道的用于 PCa 的组织和循环生物标志物，这些标志物在临床实践中的应用目前或在不久的将来有望得到应用。
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