B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development Centre, Ahmedabad, India.
Biotechnol Adv. 2010 Jul-Aug;28(4):427-35. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.01.005. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
Plants are a promising expression system for the production of heterologous proteins, especially therapeutic proteins. Currently the majority of therapeutic proteins are produced in mammalian cell lines or bacteria. In a few cases insects, yeast and fungi have been developed for production of human proteins. However, these expression systems have limitations in terms of suitability, cost, scalability, purification and post-translational modifications. Therefore, alternative expression systems are being developed in transgenic animals and transgenic plants. Transgenic plants could provide an attractive alternative in terms of low production cost and lower capital investment in infrastructure, and with appropriate post-translational modifications. The potential of plants as an expression host has not been capitalized, primarily due to lower level of expression of transgenes in plants. The present review will evaluate the rate limiting steps of plant expression systems and suggest strategies to optimize protein expression at each of the steps: gene integration, transcription, translation and protein accumulation.
植物是生产异源蛋白，特别是治疗蛋白的很有前途的表达系统。目前，大多数治疗性蛋白都是在哺乳动物细胞系或细菌中生产的。在少数情况下，昆虫、酵母和真菌已被开发用于生产人类蛋白。然而，这些表达系统在适用性、成本、可扩展性、纯化和翻译后修饰方面存在局限性。因此，正在转基因动物和转基因植物中开发替代表达系统。就生产成本低和基础设施的资本投资低而言，转基因植物可能是一种有吸引力的替代方案，并且具有适当的翻译后修饰。植物作为表达宿主的潜力尚未得到充分利用，主要是因为转基因在植物中的表达水平较低。本综述将评估植物表达系统的限速步骤，并提出在以下各步骤优化蛋白表达的策略：基因整合、转录、翻译和蛋白积累。
