Gasparich Gail E
Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252, USA.
Biologicals. 2010 Mar;38(2):193-203. doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.11.007. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
This review will focus on two distinct genera, Spiroplasma and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma,' within the class Mollicutes (which also includes the genus Mycoplasma, a concern for animal-based cell culture). As members of the Mollicutes, both are cell wall-less microbes which have a characteristic small size (1-2 microM in diameter) and small genome size (530 Kb-2220 Kb). These two genera contain microbes which have a dual host cycle in which they can replicate in their leafhopper or psyllid insect vectors as well as in the sieve tubes of their plant hosts. Major distinctions between the two genera are that most spiroplasmas are cultivable in nutrient rich media, possess a very characteristic helical morphology, and are motile, while the phytoplasmas remain recalcitrant to cultivation attempts to date and exhibit a pleiomorphic or filamentous shape. This review article will provide a historical over view of their discovery, a brief review of taxonomical characteristics, diversity, host interactions (with a focus on plant hosts), phylogeny, and current detection and elimination techniques.
本综述将聚焦于柔膜菌纲中的两个不同属，即螺原体属和“候选植原体属”（柔膜菌纲还包括支原体属，这是基于动物的细胞培养所关注的对象）。作为柔膜菌纲的成员，二者均为无细胞壁的微生物，具有特征性的小尺寸（直径1 - 2微米）和小基因组大小（530千碱基对 - 2220千碱基对）。这两个属包含具有双宿主周期的微生物，它们能够在叶蝉或木虱昆虫载体以及植物宿主的筛管中进行复制。这两个属之间的主要区别在于，大多数螺原体可在营养丰富的培养基中培养，具有非常典型的螺旋形态，并且具有运动性，而植原体迄今为止仍难以培养，并呈现出多形性或丝状形态。这篇综述文章将提供它们发现的历史概述、分类特征、多样性、宿主相互作用（重点是植物宿主）、系统发育以及当前检测和消除技术的简要综述。
