Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2010 Jul;156(3):309-17. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.01.022. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
Load carrying has been used to study the energetics and mechanics of locomotion in a range of taxa. Here we investigated the energetic and kinematic effects of trunk and limb loading in walking barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis). A directly proportional relationship between increasing back-load mass and metabolic rate was established, indicating that the barnacle goose can carry back loads (up to 20% of body mass) more economically than the majority of mammals. The increased cost of supporting and propelling the body during locomotion is likely to account for a major proportion of the extra metabolic cost. Sternal loads up to 15% of body mass were approximately twice as expensive to carry as back loads. Given the key role in dorso-ventral movement of the sternum during respiration we suggest that moving this extra mass may account for the elevated metabolic rate. Loading the distal limb with 5% extra mass incurred the greatest proportional rise in metabolism, and also caused increases in stride length, swing duration and stride frequency during locomotion. The increased work required to move the loaded limb may explain the high cost of walking.
负载搬运已被用于研究一系列分类单元的运动能量学和力学。在这里，我们研究了行走的斑头雁（Branta leucopsis）中躯干和肢体负载的能量学和运动学效应。背部负载质量增加与代谢率呈正比关系，这表明斑头雁能够比大多数哺乳动物更经济地背负背部负载（高达 20%的体重）。在运动过程中支撑和推动身体的增加成本可能占额外代谢成本的主要部分。胸部负载高达体重的 15%，其携带成本约为背部负载的两倍。鉴于胸骨在呼吸过程中对背腹运动的关键作用，我们认为移动这个额外的质量可能是导致代谢率升高的原因。在远端肢体上加载 5%的额外质量会导致代谢率呈比例增加，并且在运动时还会导致步幅长度、摆动持续时间和步频增加。移动负载肢体所需的额外工作量可能解释了行走的高成本。
