Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 1-19 Torrington Place, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Atherosclerosis. 2010 May;210(1):209-13. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.01.038. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
The association between depression and sub-clinical atherosclerosis remains unclear. By assessing depressive symptoms only at one point in time, most previous studies have failed to ascertain long-term exposure. We examined the association of long-term depressive symptoms assessed at three time points (over 10 yrs) with a marker of sub-clinical atherosclerosis.
Participants included 454 healthy, non-medicated men and women from the Whitehall II epidemiological cohort without known cardiovascular disease (CVD). Depressive symptoms were assessed at three time points (over 10 yrs) and coronary atherosclerosis was assessed at follow-up in terms of coronary artery calcification (CAC).
18.9% of the sample reported depressive symptoms at least once during follow-up. Participants that were persistently depressed had over a two-fold increased risk of detectable CAC (Agatston score>0) (odds ratio [OR]=2.56, 95% CI, 1.14-5.78) and high CAC (Agatston score > or = 100) (OR=2.36, 1.04-5.35) compared with never depressed after adjustment for age, sex, and a range of conventional cardiac risk factors. These associations were more robust in men. Participants who were depressed on only one occasion were not at elevated risk of CAC.
Persistent cognitive symptoms of depression assessed over several time points, but not on a single occasion, are related to sub-clinical coronary atherosclerosis in men free of known CVD and diabetes.
抑郁与亚临床动脉粥样硬化之间的关系仍不清楚。由于大多数先前的研究仅在一个时间点评估抑郁症状，因此未能确定长期暴露情况。我们检验了在三个时间点（超过 10 年）评估的长期抑郁症状与亚临床动脉粥样硬化标志物之间的相关性。
参与者包括来自 Whitehall II 流行病学队列的 454 名无已知心血管疾病（CVD）的健康、未服用药物的男性和女性。在三个时间点（超过 10 年）评估抑郁症状，并在随访时根据冠状动脉钙化（CAC）评估冠状动脉粥样硬化情况。
在随访期间，18.9%的样本至少报告了一次抑郁症状。与从未抑郁的参与者相比，持续抑郁的参与者发生可检测 CAC（Agatston 评分>0）的风险增加了两倍以上（比值比[OR]=2.56，95%可信区间[CI]，1.14-5.78）和高 CAC（Agatston 评分>或=100）（OR=2.36，95%CI，1.04-5.35），调整年龄、性别和一系列常规心脏危险因素后。这些关联在男性中更为可靠。仅一次出现抑郁的参与者发生 CAC 的风险没有升高。
在没有已知 CVD 和糖尿病的男性中，经过几个时间点评估的持续性认知性抑郁症状与亚临床冠状动脉粥样硬化有关，而单次评估则没有这种关系。
