Institute of Psychology I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2010 Apr;76(1):40-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.02.002. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
We investigated whether music experts and laypersons differ with regard to aesthetic evaluation of musical sequences. 16 music experts and 16 music laypersons judged the aesthetic value (beauty judgment task) as well as the harmonic correctness (correctness judgment task) of chord sequences. The sequences consisted of five chords with the final chord sounding congruous, ambiguous or incongruous relative to the harmonic context established by the preceding four chords. On behavioural measures, few differences were observed between experts and laypersons. However, several differences in event-related potential (ERP) parameters were observed in auditory, cognitive and aesthetic processing of chord cadences between experts and laypersons. First, established ERP effects known to reflect the processing of harmonic rule violation were investigated. Here, differences between the groups were observed in the processing of the mild violation - experts and laypersons differed in their early brain responses to the beginning of the chord sequence. Furthermore, ERP data indicated distinctions between experts and laypersons in aesthetic evaluation at three different stages. Firstly, during the interval of task-cue presentation, a stronger contingent negative variation (CNV) to the beauty judgment task was observed for experts, indicating that experts invest more effort into preparation for aesthetic processes than into correctness judgments. Secondly, during the first four chords, preparation for the correctness judgment required more exertion on the laypersons' side. Thirdly, during the last chord, laypersons showed a larger late and widespread positivity for the beauty compared to the correctness judgment, indicating a stronger reliance on internal affective states while forming a judgment.
我们研究了音乐专家和非专业人士在音乐序列审美评价方面是否存在差异。16 名音乐专家和 16 名音乐非专业人士判断了和弦序列的审美价值（美感判断任务）和和声正确性（正确性判断任务）。这些序列由五个和弦组成，最后一个和弦相对于前四个和弦所建立的和声环境听起来协调、不和谐或不和谐。在行为测量方面，专家和非专业人士之间几乎没有差异。然而，在专家和非专业人士对和弦终止式的听觉、认知和审美处理中，观察到几个事件相关电位（ERP）参数的差异。首先，研究了反映和声规则违反处理的已知 ERP 效应。在这里，在处理轻微违反的过程中，观察到了两组之间的差异——专家和非专业人士对和弦序列开始时的轻微违反反应不同。此外，ERP 数据表明，在审美评价的三个不同阶段，专家和非专业人士存在差异。首先，在任务提示呈现期间，美感判断任务的 contingent negative variation (CNV) 更强，这表明专家在审美过程的准备上投入的努力比在正确性判断上更多。其次，在前四个和弦期间，正确性判断需要非专业人士更多的努力。第三，在最后一个和弦期间，与正确性判断相比，非专业人士的美感判断表现出更大的晚期和广泛的正性，这表明在形成判断时更多地依赖内部情感状态。
