Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr;95(4):1681-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-1913. Epub 2010 Feb 15.
Sex and race differences in bone development are associated with differences in growth, maturation, and body composition.
The aim of the study was to determine the independent effects of sex, race, and puberty on cortical bone development and muscle-bone relations in children and young adults.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 665 healthy participants (310 male, 306 black) ages 5-35 yr.
Tibia peripheral quantitative computed tomography measures were made of cortical bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), periosteal (Peri) and endosteal circumferences, section modulus (Zp), and muscle area. Regression models were adjusted for tibia length, age, race, sex, and Tanner stage.
All cortical measures were greater in blacks than whites (all P < or = 0.001) in Tanner stages 1-4; however, differences in BMC, Peri, and Zp were negligible in Tanner stage 5 (all interactions, P < 0.01). Cortical BMC, Peri, and Zp were lower in females than males in all Tanner stages (all P < 0.001), and the sex differences in Peri and Zp were greater in Tanner stage 5 (interaction, P < 0.02). Cortical BMD was greater (P < 0.0001) and endosteal circumference was lower (P < 0.01) in Tanner 3-5 females, compared with males. Adjustment for muscle area attenuated but did not eliminate sex and race differences in cortical dimensions. Associations between muscle and bone outcomes did not differ according to sex or race.
Sex and race were associated with maturation-specific differences in cortical BMD and dimensions that were not fully explained by differences in bone length or muscle. No race or sex differences in the functional muscle bone unit were identified.
骨骼发育中的性别和种族差异与生长、成熟和身体成分的差异有关。
本研究旨在确定性别、种族和青春期对儿童和年轻人皮质骨发育和肌肉-骨骼关系的独立影响。
我们对 665 名健康参与者（310 名男性，306 名黑人）进行了横断面研究，年龄为 5-35 岁。
调整胫骨长度、年龄、种族、性别和 Tanner 分期后，所有皮质测量值在 Tanner 分期 1-4 期的黑人中均高于白人（均 P < 0.001）；然而，在 Tanner 分期 5 期，BMC、Peri 和 Zp 的差异微不足道（所有交互作用，P < 0.01）。在所有 Tanner 分期中，女性的皮质 BMC、Peri 和 Zp 均低于男性（均 P < 0.001），在 Tanner 分期 5 期，Peri 和 Zp 的性别差异更大（交互作用，P < 0.02）。与男性相比，Tanner 分期 3-5 期女性的皮质 BMD 更高（P < 0.0001），而内表面周长更低（P < 0.01）。调整肌肉面积后，皮质维度的性别和种族差异虽有所减弱，但并未完全消除。肌肉和骨骼结果之间的相关性不因性别或种族而异。
性别和种族与皮质骨密度和维度的成熟特异性差异有关，这些差异不能完全用骨长度或肌肉的差异来解释。在功能肌肉骨骼单位中，未发现种族或性别差异。
