Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Curr Neurovasc Res. 2010 Feb;7(1):59-64. doi: 10.2174/156720210790820217.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) impacts a significant portion of the world's population and care for this disorder places an economic burden on the gross domestic product for any particular country. Furthermore, both Type 1 and Type 2 DM are becoming increasingly prevalent and there is increased incidence of impaired glucose tolerance in the young. The complications of DM are protean and can involve multiple systems throughout the body that are susceptible to the detrimental effects of oxidative stress and apoptotic cell injury. For these reasons, innovative strategies are necessary for the implementation of new treatments for DM that are generated through the further understanding of cellular pathways that govern the pathological consequences of DM. In particular, both the precursor for the coenzyme beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), nicotinamide, and the growth factor erythropoietin offer novel platforms for drug discovery that involve cellular metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory cell control. Interestingly, these agents and their tightly associated pathways that consist of cell cycle regulation, protein kinase B, forkhead transcription factors, and Wnt signaling also function in a broader sense as biomarkers for disease onset and progression.
糖尿病（DM）影响了世界上很大一部分人口，这种疾病的治疗给任何一个国家的国内生产总值都带来了经济负担。此外，1 型和 2 型糖尿病的发病率都在不断上升，年轻人中葡萄糖耐量受损的发病率也在上升。DM 的并发症是多种多样的，可能涉及全身多个系统，这些系统容易受到氧化应激和细胞凋亡损伤的不利影响。出于这些原因，有必要通过进一步了解控制 DM 病理后果的细胞途径，为 DM 的新治疗方法的实施制定创新策略。特别是辅酶β-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD(+)）的前体烟酰胺和生长因子促红细胞生成素为药物发现提供了新的平台，这些平台涉及细胞代谢稳态和炎症细胞控制。有趣的是，这些药物及其紧密相关的途径，包括细胞周期调控、蛋白激酶 B、叉头转录因子和 Wnt 信号通路，也在更广泛的意义上作为疾病发生和进展的生物标志物。
