Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin 90054, New Zealand.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 Mar;42(2):377-83. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.08.014. Epub 2009 Sep 12.
Excessive speed is currently one of the primary contributory factors in traffic accidents within roadwork sites around the world. The present study evaluated two novel interventions designed to control traffic speed within an open road, roadwork site in New Zealand where drivers were required to decrease their speed from 100 to 50km/h. Two different interventions were placed at the entrance to the work site and required drivers to pass between a 3.5m wide passage of either evenly or decreasingly spaced cones. A multi-element baseline design was utilised. Both interventions were highly effective at reducing vehicle speed, with the greatest initial decrease in speed to 9.47 km/h below baseline for the uneven arrangement. Additionally, both arrangements more than halved the proportion of 'dangerous' speeders travelling faster than 20 km/h over the speed limit. The findings indicate that both arrangements of cones are effective, convenient, cost-effective strategies. It is concluded that, although both arrangements are highly effective, the use of unevenly-spaced cones is likely to most markedly reduce the number of speed-related accidents within open road roadwork zones. The findings are discussed in relation to the perceptual mechanisms by which transverse and peripheral stimuli influence speed perception and driver behaviour.
超速是目前导致全球道路施工现场交通事故的主要因素之一。本研究评估了两种新的干预措施，旨在控制新西兰一个开放式道路施工现场的交通速度，该施工现场要求司机将速度从 100 公里/小时降至 50 公里/小时。在工作现场入口处设置了两种不同的干预措施，要求司机在 3.5 米宽的通道之间通过，通道中的锥形桶要么均匀排列，要么间隔逐渐变窄。采用了多元素基线设计。这两种干预措施都非常有效地降低了车辆速度，对于不均匀排列的情况，初始速度降低最大，降至比基线低 9.47 公里/小时。此外，两种排列方式都使超过限速 20 公里/小时的“危险”超速者的比例减少了一半以上。研究结果表明，两种锥形桶排列方式都非常有效、方便且具有成本效益。结论认为，虽然两种排列方式都非常有效，但使用不均匀间隔的锥形桶可能会最显著地减少开放式道路施工现场的与速度相关的事故数量。研究结果结合了横向和周边刺激影响速度感知和驾驶员行为的感知机制进行了讨论。
