Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, 34 University Road, Leeds, UK.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 May;42(3):961-71. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.014.
Road authorities considering the implementation of speed management interventions should have access to the results of scientifically robust evaluations on which to base their decisions. However, studies that evaluate a diverse range of interventions with comparable metrics are rare, with most focussing on one type, for example, types of signage, perceptual countermeasures or physical traffic calming. This paper describes a driving simulator study designed to overcome these constraints. Twenty diverse speed-reducing treatments were developed and tested in urban and rural road environments. Forty participants encountered all the treatments allowing a comparison to be made with their driving behaviour when the treatment was not present. A number of speed parameters were developed to encapsulate the range of effects of the treatments. The results suggest that whilst straight sections of road are difficult to treat, speed reductions can be obtained by increasing risk perception. In contrast, alerting treatments had more effect at junctions, particularly in an urban environment; drivers approaching curves demonstrated improved speed adaptation if the curve radius was highlighted (either implicitly or explicitly). The study highlights how driving simulators can be used to overcome methodological constraints encountered in real-world evaluations of this type.
道路管理部门在考虑实施速度管理干预措施时，应当能够获得经过科学验证的评估结果，以便为决策提供依据。然而，具有可比指标的评估各种干预措施的研究很少，大多数研究都集中在一种类型上，例如，标志类型、感知对策或物理交通减缓措施。本文描述了一项旨在克服这些限制的驾驶模拟器研究。设计并测试了 20 种不同的减速处理方法，包括城市和农村道路环境。40 名参与者遇到了所有的处理方法，从而可以将其与处理方法不存在时的驾驶行为进行比较。开发了一些速度参数来概括处理方法的各种效果。结果表明，虽然直线路段难以处理，但可以通过增加风险感知来降低速度。相比之下，在路口处，警示处理的效果更好，特别是在城市环境中；如果突出显示曲线半径（无论是隐含的还是显式的），接近曲线的驾驶员可以更好地适应速度。该研究强调了驾驶模拟器如何用于克服此类实际评估中遇到的方法学限制。
