Freisthler Bridget, Byrnes Hilary F, Gruenewald Paul J
Department of Social Welfare, UCLA School of Public Affairs, 3250 Public Policy Building, Box 951656, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1656.
Child Youth Serv Rev. 2009 Mar;31(3):325-330. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.08.006.
Lower levels of parental monitoring are associated with youth problem behaviors, including substance use and delinquency. Recent studies employing routine activities theory have hypothesized that greater densities of alcohol outlets, particularly bars, may provide parents more opportunities to socialize outside the home. This, in turn, may decrease a parent's ability to effectively monitor the activities of his or her child, resulting in more deviant behaviors by the adolescent. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), the current study assesses whether or not greater densities of alcohol outlets in zip code areas (n = 50) interact with levels of parental monitoring to affect levels of deviance among adolescents aged 14 to 16 (n = 1,541). The study finds that adolescents who have higher grade point averages and have not used alcohol report the lowest levels of deviant behaviors. Furthermore, the density of bars interacts with reports of parental monitoring such that adolescents in areas with more bars per roadway mile report lower levels of parental monitoring behaviors, which is associated with higher levels of deviance. These findings suggest that in those areas with greater densities of bars parents may be spending more time away from home, making monitoring of their adolescents more difficult, or parents may be drinking more frequently, thus impairing their ability to adequately monitor their children. Policies and practices that limit the number of bars in neighborhood areas with large populations of adolescents may reduce deviant behaviors.
较低水平的父母监管与青少年的问题行为相关，包括物质使用和犯罪行为。最近运用日常活动理论的研究推测，较高密度的酒精销售场所，尤其是酒吧，可能会为父母提供更多在家外社交的机会。反过来，这可能会降低父母有效监管其子女活动的能力，导致青少年出现更多越轨行为。本研究使用分层线性模型（HLM），评估邮政编码区域（n = 50）内较高密度的酒精销售场所是否与父母监管水平相互作用，从而影响14至16岁青少年（n = 1,541）的越轨行为水平。研究发现，平均绩点较高且未使用过酒精的青少年报告的越轨行为水平最低。此外，酒吧的密度与父母监管的报告相互作用，以至于每英里道路上酒吧数量较多地区的青少年报告的父母监管行为水平较低，而这与较高的越轨行为水平相关。这些发现表明，在酒吧密度较大的地区，父母可能会花更多时间不在家，使得监管青少年更加困难，或者父母可能饮酒更频繁，从而削弱了他们充分监管孩子的能力。限制青少年人口众多的邻里地区酒吧数量的政策和做法可能会减少越轨行为。
