Snyder Susan M, Freisthler Bridget
Department of Social Welfare, UCLA School of Public Affairs, 3250 Public Policy Building, Box 951656, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1656, United States.
Child Youth Serv Rev. 2011 Jan 1;33(1):51-58. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.011. Epub 2010 Aug 13.
This study explores whether neighborhoods with greater nonprofit density (nonprofits per mile) and/or larger nonprofit expenditures (nonprofit expenditures per 10,000 people) interact with social control to experience lower levels of adolescent deviancy. Data include cross-sectional surveys of 1,541 youth. The data are analyzed using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). The dependent variable is a measure of deviance that is the sum of ten items, which assess deviant behaviors. For analysis the square root of this measure is used to adjust for negatively skewed data. The sample was drawn through a two stage-geostatistical sampling procedure, with the final sample including 50 zip codes throughout California. The study finds that adolescents' deviance is not associated with an interaction between social control and either nonprofit density or nonprofit expenditures. However, the analysis found strong positive associations between being male, being older, having higher levels of mean social control and the square root of deviance.
本研究探讨了非营利组织密度更高（每英里的非营利组织数量）和/或非营利组织支出更大（每万人的非营利组织支出）的社区是否与社会控制相互作用，以降低青少年偏差行为的水平。数据包括对1541名青少年的横断面调查。使用分层线性模型（HLM）对数据进行分析。因变量是一个偏差行为的衡量指标，它是十个项目的总和，这些项目评估偏差行为。为了进行分析，使用该衡量指标的平方根来调整数据的负偏态。样本是通过两阶段地理统计抽样程序抽取的，最终样本包括加利福尼亚州的50个邮政编码区域。研究发现，青少年的偏差行为与社会控制和非营利组织密度或非营利组织支出之间的相互作用无关。然而，分析发现男性、年龄较大、平均社会控制水平较高与偏差行为平方根之间存在强烈的正相关。
