Matasyoh Lexa G, Matasyoh Josphat C, Wachira Francis N, Kinyua Miriam G, Muigai Anne W Thairu, Mukiama Titus K
Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya.
Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2008 Jan 22;5(2):187-93. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v5i2.31272.
Hydro-distilled volatile oils from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) of 13 populations of different silvicultural zones were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against gram positive (Staphylococcus aereus, Bacillus spp.) and gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Samonella typhi, Klebisiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis) bacteria and a pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. All the essential oils are active to the tested microbiles with different strength. The highest antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosae and Proteus mirabilis) was observed from the eastern Kenya (Meru) oil. Meru oil was the best and its effectiveness was consistent on nearly all the microbes tested. The oil from the plant growing in the coastal region of Kenya (Mombasa) showed the best effect only on gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis). Both oils (Meru and Mombasa) were dominated by monoterpenes accounting for 92.48% and 81.37% respectively. The monoterpene fraction was characterized by a high percentage of eugenol (68.8%) for Meru oil and 74.10% for Mombasa oil. The other major monoterpene was methyl eugenol (13.21%). Camphor (0.95%) was observed only in the Meru oil. (Cis)-Ocimene, (trans)-ocimene and beta-pinene were present in both Meru and Mombasa oils. The sesquiterpenes present in fairly good amounts in both oils were germacrene D and (trans)-caryophyllene. The minor sesquiterpenes were alpha-farnesene (0.85%) and beta-bisabolene (0.74%) which were present in the Meru oil only.
对来自13个不同造林区的唇形科罗勒属植物（Ocimum gratissimum L.）叶片经水蒸馏得到的挥发油，进行了针对革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌、芽孢杆菌属）、革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、奇异变形杆菌）以及一种致病真菌白色念珠菌的抗菌活性评估。所有精油对测试微生物均有不同强度的活性。在肯尼亚东部（梅鲁）的精油中，观察到对革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（铜绿假单胞菌和奇异变形杆菌）具有最高的抗菌活性。梅鲁精油效果最佳，其对几乎所有测试微生物的有效性都很稳定。生长在肯尼亚沿海地区（蒙巴萨）的植物所产的精油仅对革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌）显示出最佳效果。两种精油（梅鲁和蒙巴萨）均以单萜类为主，分别占92.48%和81.37%。单萜部分的特征是梅鲁精油中丁香酚含量高（68.8%），蒙巴萨精油中丁香酚含量为74.10%。另一种主要单萜是甲基丁香酚（13.21%）。仅在梅鲁精油中观察到樟脑（0.95%）。（顺式）罗勒烯、（反式）罗勒烯和β-蒎烯在梅鲁和蒙巴萨精油中均有存在。两种精油中含量相当可观的倍半萜是杜松烯D和（反式）石竹烯。少量倍半萜α-法呢烯（0.85%）和β-红没药烯（0.74%）仅存在于梅鲁精油中。
