Interdisciplinary Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Department of Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009 Nov-Dec;24(6):1083-92.
Immediate loading is among the most innovative techniques in implant therapy today. This pilot study investigates the biomechanical outcome of various designs and surfaces that claim to shorten implant treatment.
In each quadrant of two mongrel dogs, four different implants were used for immediate loading. The following implants were placed 3 months after tooth extraction: screw with low thread profile and anodic oxidized surface (LPAOS), solid screw with wide thread profile and titanium plasma spray coating (WPTPS), screw with low profile and hybrid design of double-etched and machined surface (LPHES), and screw with two thread profiles and a sandblasted and acid-etched surface (DTSAE). The insertion torque of each implant was above 35 Ncm. Resonance frequency analysis was performed after implant placement and again after sacrifice. Additionally, the removal torque and the amount of embedded titanium particles in the peri-implant bone were measured.
All 16 prostheses were functional after a 5-month loading period. The highest mean removal torque values were recorded with WPTPS implants (24.4 Ncm/mm), followed by DTSAE implants (22.3 Ncm/mm) and LPAOS implants (18.7 Ncm/mm); the lowest score was obtained by LPHES (12.0 Ncm/mm). The ISQ values increased between the time of surgery and recall for all systems on average, but a significant positive correlation was found for DTSAE only. Significantly higher amounts of titanium were found in the surrounding bone with WPTPS (0.76%) and LPAOS (0.41%) in comparison with DTSAE (0.10%) and LPHES (0.03%).
Immediate loading is possible with various designs and surfaces if high primary stability can be achieved during implant placement.
即刻负载是当今种植体治疗中最具创新性的技术之一。本初步研究调查了各种声称可缩短种植体治疗时间的设计和表面的生物力学结果。
在两只杂种犬的每一个象限中，四个不同的种植体被用于即刻负载。在拔牙后 3 个月，以下种植体被植入：具有低螺纹轮廓和阳极氧化表面的螺丝（LPAOS）、具有宽螺纹轮廓和钛等离子喷涂涂层的实心螺丝（WPTPS）、具有低轮廓和双蚀刻及机械加工表面混合设计的螺丝（LPHES）和具有两种螺纹轮廓和喷砂酸蚀表面的螺丝（DTSAE）。每个种植体的插入扭矩均高于 35 Ncm。在植入后和牺牲后再次进行共振频率分析。此外，还测量了每个种植体的去除扭矩和种植体周围骨中嵌入的钛颗粒量。
所有 16 个种植体在 5 个月的负载期后均能正常使用。WPTPS 种植体的平均去除扭矩值最高（24.4 Ncm/mm），其次是 DTSAE 种植体（22.3 Ncm/mm）和 LPAOS 种植体（18.7 Ncm/mm）；LPHES 种植体的得分最低（12.0 Ncm/mm）。所有系统的 ISQ 值在手术和召回期间均有所增加，但仅在 DTSAE 系统中发现显著正相关。与 DTSAE（0.10%）和 LPHES（0.03%）相比，WPTPS（0.76%）和 LPAOS（0.41%）周围骨中发现的钛量明显更高。
如果在植入时能获得高的初始稳定性，则各种设计和表面均可进行即刻负载。
